Table 1 Patient and hospital characteristics for patients undergoing craniotomy for tumor resection
All patients | Derivation cohort | Validation cohort | P-Value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size | 36,433 | 18,218 | 18,215 | ||
Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | |||
Age, median (IQR) | 56 (23) | 56 (23) | 56 (22) | 0.485 | |
Length of Stay, median (IQR) | 5 (6) | 5 (6) | 5 (6) | 0.237 | |
Number of Procedures, median (IQR) | 2 (3) | 2 (3) | 2 (3) | 0.060 | |
Number of Diagnoses, median (IQR) | 6 (5) | 6 (5) | 6 (5) | 0.890 | |
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||
Sex | F | 19406 (53.26) | 9660 (53.02) | 9746 (53.51) | 0.358 |
M | 17027 (46.74) | 8558 (46.98) | 8469 (46.49) | ||
Tumor type | Malignant primary | 14638 (40.18) | 7380 (40.51) | 7258 (39.85) | 0.197 |
Benign | 11414 (31.33) | 5716 (31.38) | 5698 (31.28) | 0.847 | |
Metastatic | 9574 (26.28) | 4705 (25.83) | 4869 (26.73) | 0.051 | |
Other | 807 (2.22) | 417 (2.28) | 390 (2.14) | 0.338 | |
Region | Northeast | 7940 (21.79) | 4017 (22.05) | 3923 (21.54) | 0.236 |
Midwest | 5299 (14.54) | 2656 (14.58) | 2643 (14.51) | 0.852 | |
South | 14259 (39.14) | 7074 (38.83) | 7185 (39.45) | 0.229 | |
West | 8935 (24.52) | 4471 (24.54) | 4464 (24.51) | 0.939 | |
Payer | Medicare | 11274 (30.94) | 5611 (30.80) | 5663 (31.09) | 0.549 |
Medicaid | 3951 (10.84) | 2025 (11.12) | 1926 (10.57) | 0.096 | |
Private payer | 18398 (50.50) | 9241 (50.72) | 9157 (50.27) | 0.387 | |
Self-payer | 1413 (3.88) | 653 (3.58) | 760 (4.17) | 0.004 | |
Other | 1397 (3.83) | 688 (3.78) | 709 (3.89) | 0.565 | |
All patients | Derivation cohort | Validation cohort | P-Value* | ||
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||
Race | Caucasian | 28225 (77.47) | 14148 (77.66) | 14077 (77.28) | 0.389 |
African-American | 2874 (7.89) | 1382 (7.59) | 1492 (8.19) | 0.032 | |
Hispanic | 3123 (8.57) | 1576 (8.65) | 1547 (8.49) | 0.591 | |
Asian | 978 (2.68) | 505 (2.77) | 473 (2.60) | 0.301 | |
Other | 1233 (3.38) | 607 (3.33) | 626 (3.44) | 0.580 | |
Location | Rural | 875 (2.40) | 433 (2.38) | 442 (2.43) | 0.756 |
Urban, nonteaching | 8028 (22.03) | 3952 (21.69) | 4076 (22.38) | 0.115 | |
Urban, teaching | 27530 (75.56) | 13833 (75.93) | 13697 (75.20) | 0.103 | |
Bedsize | Small | 2130 (5.85) | 1032 (5.66) | 1098 (6.03) | 0.139 |
Medium | 6062 (16.64) | 3049 (16.74) | 3013 (16.54) | 0.617 | |
Large | 28241 (77.51) | 14137 (77.60) | 14104 (77.43) | 0.700 | |
Quartiles of income | First quartile | 7789 (21.38) | 3916 (21.50) | 3873 (21.26) | 0.588 |
Second quartile | 8765 (24.06) | 4407 (24.19) | 4358 (23.93) | 0.554 | |
Third quartile | 9307 (25.55) | 4654 (25.55) | 4653 (25.54) | 0.998 | |
Fourth quartile | 10572 (29.02) | 5241 (28.77) | 5331 (29.27) | 0.294 | |
Postoperative complications | 2932 (8.05) | 1482 (8.13) | 1450 (7.96) | 0.541 | |
All patients | Derivation cohort | Validation cohort | P-Value* | ||
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||
Comorbidities | |||||
Stroke | 427 (1.17) | 213 (1.17) | 214 (1.17) | 0.960 | |
TIA | 20 (0.05) | 13 (0.07) | 7 (0.04) | 0.180 | |
Diabetes | 4725 (12.97) | 2370 (13.01) | 2355 (12.93) | 0.820 | |
Obesity | 1827 (5.01) | 927 (5.09) | 900 (4.94) | 0.519 | |
Coagulopathy | 971 (2.67) | 490 (2.69) | 481(2.64) | 0.772 | |
Hyperlipidemia | 7008 (19.24) | 3453 (18.95) | 3555 (19.52) | 0.173 | |
Chronic Renal Disease | 143 (0.39) | 67 (0.37) | 76 (0.42) | 0.450 | |
Alcohol abuse | 745 (2.04) | 383 (2.10) | 362 (1.99) | 0.438 | |
CAD | 1432 (3.93) | 718 (3.94) | 714 (3.92) | 0.917 | |
Tobacco exposure | 9312 (25.56) | 4656 (25.56) | 4656 (25.56) | 0.993 | |
CHF | 813 (2.23) | 409 (2.25) | 404 (2.22) | 0.861 | |
Hypertension | 14405 (39.54) | 7137 (39.18) | 7268 (39.90) | 0.157 | |
Peripheral Vascular Disease | 519 (1.42) | 236 (1.30) | 283 (1.55) | 0.038 | |
Hydrocephalus | 1955 (5.37) | 990 (5.43) | 965 (5.30) | 0.564 | |
Hyponatremia | 2309 (6.34) | 1148 (6.30) | 1161 (6.37) | 0.777 | |
Seizures | 2650 (7.27) | 1338 (7.34) | 1312 (7.20) | 0.603 | |
Pulmonary embolism | 1098 (3.01) | 550 (3.02) | 548 (3.01) | 0.953 | |
DVT | 225 (0.62) | 120 (0.66) | 105 (0.58) | 0.316 | |
Acute Renal Failure | 472 (1.30) | 231 (1.27) | 241 (1.32) | 0.642 | |