| LIS N = 25,226 | Non-LIS/GC N = 29,289 | Non-LIS/Non-GC N = 290,302 |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years (SD) | 78.8 (7.2)a,b | 78.6 (7.0)a | 77.7 (6.7) |
Gender (% female) | 73.9a,b | 60.8a | 59.6 |
Co-morbid conditions | |||
  Hypertension (%) | 77.0a,b | 73.0a | 74.1 |
  Hyperlipidemia (%) | 52.4a | 52.4a | 58.3 |
  Osteoarthritis (%) | 33.1a | 32.4a | 31.5 |
  Diabetes (%) | 31.6a,b | 23.8a | 24.5 |
  Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (%) | 27.9a,b | 20.1a | 23.2 |
  Coronary Artery Disease (%) | 26.9a,b | 23.3a | 25.0 |
  Atrial fibrillation (%) | 25.8a | 25.2a | 24.7 |
  Non-skin cancer (%) | 23.6a,b | 33.9a | 31.3 |
  Stroke (%) | 20.7a,b | 17.5a | 17.0 |
  Mental health (%) | 18.0a,b | 15.9a | 13.8 |
  Congestive Heart Failure (%) | 17.8a,b | 14.0a | 12.5 |
  Peripheral Vascular Disease (%) | 15.3a,b | 11.2a | 12.8 |
  Dementia (%) | 12.0a,b | 7.4a | 6.8 |
  End-stage renal disease (%) | 5.9a,b | 4.6a | 4.9 |
  Rheumatoid arthritis (%) | 3.5a,b | 2.4a | 2.8 |
Expenditures 2006 | |||
  Total costs (SD) | $2,085 (2,411)a,b | $1,290 (1,495) | $1,275 (1,439) |
  Total out-of-pocket costs (SD) | $159 (224)a,b | $511 (608)a | $544 (662) |
  Plan costs (SD)c | $1,926 (2,316)a,b | 778 (1,028)a | $731 (951) |
  Total cost of brand name drugs (SD) | $1,359 (2,105)a,b | $729 (1,263)a | $766 (524) |
  Out-of-pocket cost of brand name drugs (SD) | $93 (178)a,b | $301 (533)a | $318 (524) |
  Plan cost of brand name drugs (SD)c | $1,266 (2,034)a,b | $428 (868)a | $448 (857) |
Total number of prescriptions (SD) | 42 (33)a,b | 25 (21)a | 26 (22) |
Total number of BM (SD) | 12 (14)a,b | 6 (8)a | 7 (9) |
Medication adherence | |||
  Diabetes medications, PDC (%) | 76.8 | 77.3a | 76.1 |
  Diabetes medications, % adherence | 59.4a | 58.9 | 57.7 |
  Hypertension medications, PDC (%) | 79.3a,b | 80.1a | 78.6 |
  Hypertension medications, % adherence | 63.7a,b | 65.7a | 62.5 |
  Lipid-lowering medications, PDC (%) | 73.2a,b | 75.8a | 73.0 |
  Lipid-lowering medications, % adherence | 56.9a,b | 59.8a | 55.6 |