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Table 1 Socio-demographics Characteristics and Barriers to Healthcare Utilization

From: Barriers to healthcare utilization in fatiguing illness: a population-based study in Georgia

Characteristics

 

Barriers to Healthcare Utilizations

 

All

Yes

No

Unadjusted Odds Ratiosa

(95% CI)

Adjusted Odds Ratiosb

(95% CI)

 

n = 780

n = 315 (40%)

n = 465 (60%)

  

Age, No. (%)

  

Row %

Row %

 

   18–29

93 (11.92)

45.16

54.84

1.38 (0.85–2.22)

1.32 (0.77–2.26)

   30–39

147 (18.85)

41.50

58.50

1.19 (0.78–1.79)

0.94 (0.59–1.50)

   40–49

281 (36.03)

40.93

59.07

1.16 (0.82–1.64)

1.02 (0.69–1.46)

   50–59

259 (33.20)

37.45

62.55

Reference

Reference

Sex

     

   Female

594 (76.15)

42.09

57.91

1.35 (0.96–1.91)

1.47 (1.02–2.12)

   Male

186 (23.85)

34.95

65.05

Reference

Reference

Race

     

   Black

194 (24.87)

39.18

60.82

0.94 (0.67–1.31)

0.93 (0.64–1.37)

   Other

35 (4.49)

42.86

57.14

1.10 (0.55–2.18)

1.04 (0.50–2.15)

   White

551 (70.64)

40.65

59.35

Reference

Reference

Residential Areas

     

   Rural

383 (49.10)

41.78

58.22

1.42 (0.94–2.15)

1.49 (0.94–2.35)

   Urban

266 (34.10)

41.73

58.27

1.42 (0.92–2.19)

1.48 (0.93–2.35)

   Metropolitan

131 (16.79)

33.59

66.41

Reference

Reference

Marital Status

     

   Married

502 (64.36)

39.44

60.56

1.12 (0.83–1.50)

1.13 (0.80–1.60)

   Not Currently Married

278 (35.64)

42.09

57.91

Reference

Reference

Parental Status

     

   Children under 18

400 (51.28)

42.25

57.75

1.17 (0.88–1.56)

1.24 (0.89–1.72)

   No Children under 18

380 (48.72)

38.42

61.58

Reference

Reference

Work Status

     

   Full-time

487 (62.44)

40.25

59.75

1.00 (0.72–1.38)

1.20 (0.83–1.72)

   Part-time

80 (10.26)

41.25

58.75

1.04 (0.62–1.75)

0.96 (0.55–1.67)

   Not currently working

213 (27.31)

40.38

59.62

Reference

Reference

Education

     

   Less than High School

46 (5.90)

41.30

58.70

1.04 (0.57–1.91)

0.90 (0.47–1.73)

   High School or Above

734 (94.10)

40.33

59.67

Reference

Reference

Household Income

     

   Below GA Median Incomec

323 (43.01)

41.49

58.51

1.10 (0.82–1.47)

0.92 (0.65–1.30)

   GA Median Income or Above

428 (56.99)

39.25

60.75

Reference

Reference

Insurance*

     

   Uninsured*

113 (14.51)

53.10

46.90

1.83 (1.22–2.73)

2.03 (1.28–3.21)

   Insured

666 (85.49)

38.29

61.71

Reference

Reference

Multiple Healthcare Coverage*

    

Not included

   Two or more*

38 (4.88)

28.95

71.05

0.36 (0.16–0.80)

--

   One*

628 (80.62)

38.85

61.15

0.56 (0.38–0.84)

--

   None

113 (14.51)

53.10

46.90

Reference

--

  1. *indicates p-value < 0.01 (two-tailed tests); p-value < 0.05 were in bold font.
  2. Note: Values are No. (%) unless otherwise indicated.
  3. a Comparison between subjects who having any barrier to healthcare and those who not.
  4. b Adjusted for all other variables in the table.
  5. c Georgia median income is $42,679.