Table 2 Patient Characteristics (n = 398).
From: Development and validation of the Diabetes Numeracy Test (DNT)
Characteristic | Mean ± SD or n (%) |
|---|---|
Age | 54.2 ± 13 |
Race | Â |
   White | 249 (63) |
   Black | 134 (34) |
   Other | 14 (3) |
Sex | Â |
   Male | 196 (49) |
   Female | 202 (51) |
Annual Family Income | Â |
<$20,000 | 171 (44) |
$20,000-$40,000 | 95 (24) |
$40,000-$60000 | 58 (15) |
≥ $60,000 | 66 (17) |
Recruitment site | Â |
   VA diabetes center | 65 (16) |
   Academic center primary care | 200 (50) |
   Academic diabetes clinic | 133 (33) |
Education | Â |
   <High School | 64 (16) |
   High School or GED | 103 (26) |
   Some college | 115 (29) |
   College or more | 110 (28) |
Literacy status, REALM | Â |
   ≤ 6th grade | 33 (8) |
   7th-8th grade | 92 (23) |
   ≥ 9th grade | 273 (69) |
Numeracy status, WRAT | Â |
   ≤ 6th grade | 211 (53) |
   7th-8th grade | 65 (16) |
   ≥ 9th grade | 122 (31) |
DKT | 0.69 ± 0.18 |
BMI, m/kg2 | 33.6 ± 8.1 |
Type of diabetes | Â |
   Type 1 | 57 (14) |
   Type 2 | 341 (86) |
On insulin, n = 240 | 240 (60) |
   Adjusts for blood glucose | 141 (57) |
   Adjusts for carbohydrate intake | 90 (36) |
Blood glucose monitoring | Â |
   ≤ 1 time per day 2–3 times per day | 133 (48) 185 (46) |
   ≥ 4 times per day | 80 (20) |
Received prior diabetes education | 331 (83) |
Hemoglobin A1c, (%) | 7.6 ± 1.7 |
Duration of diabetes, years | 11 ± 9 |