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Table 1 Analytic Sample Means or Percentages.

From: Exploring the association of dual use of the VHA and Medicare with mortality: separating the contributions of inpatient and outpatient services

 

Non- Veteran

Veteran

Veteran

Dual Use Criteria

   

Non- Dual Use

Dual Use

By Hospitalization

By Physician Visits

By Both

Sociodemographic

       

Age

79.2

74.8***

74.8

74.7

75.2

74.7

73.5

Race

       

   White (reference group)

79.3

91.8***

92.0

91.0

94.0

87.9

90.5

   Hispanic

8.8

1.8***

1.6

2.6

3.3

1.6

3.0

   African American

10.6

5.7***

5.6

6.5

2.7

10.5

6.5

   Other Race

1.3

0.7

0.8

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Living Alone

22.1

19.4

18.9

22.0

24.0

16.1

32.1

Socioeconomic

       

Education

       

   Grade School

39.0

15.8***

15.0

20.3

21.5

21.1

14.9

   High School (reference group)

41.6

46.3

46.6

44.4

39.9

50.5

41.4

   Some College

19.5

37.9***

38.4

35.3

38.6

28.4

43.7

Income < $15,000

38.2

18.2***

17.0

25.3*

26.8

23.1

26.5

Wealth <= $19,000

21.4

10.6***

10.0

14.0

10.9

10.8

32.0*

Private Health Insurance

75.0

87.0***

87.3

85.8

86.7

81.6

94.7

Life Style

       

Smoker (ever)

71.3

80.9***

79.8

87.3*

91.4

78.0

100.0*

Weight

       

   Normal or Under Weight

47.2

40.8*

41.3

38.5

46.3

35.4

23.5

   Over Weight

43.5

46.7

46.9

45.7

42.4

42.5

64.1

   Obese

9.3

12.5*

11.9

15.8

11.3

22.1

12.4

Drinking

       

   Never drank (reference group)

52.2

36.5***

34.9

45.4*

49.4

36.8

56.9

   <1 drink/day

35.4

41.2*

41.7

38.2

35.0

42.6

36.0

   1–2 drinks/day

9.8

17.5***

18.5

11.9

9.8

17.7

2.4

   3+ drinks/day

2.7

4.9*

5.0

4.4

5.8

2.8

4.7

Never Having a Driver's License

2.2

0.8*

0.9

0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Disease History

       

Arthritis

19.1

19.4

17.9

27.6*

22.1

35.3

22.7

Cancer

12.4

15.2

14.0

21.6*

25.6

22.5

7.4

Diabetes

10.5

13.0

12.0

18.6*

11.7

22.9

27.4

Stroke

10.1

9.6

8.1

18.0***

13.4

19.0

29.3

Hypertension

37.5

44.4**

42.3

55.9**

49.3

55.9

75.5

Lung Disease

11.4

11.6

10.2

19.6**

18.4

21.2

18.6

Heart Condition

32.7

32.4

29.1

51.1***

51.6

42.3

73.5

Hip Fracture

4.1

2.1*

2.2

1.2

0.0

3.1

0.0

Psychological Problems

3.1

6.6**

5.1

14.6***

16.0

10.8

20.8

Functional Limitations

       

ADL Counts

0.29

0.17***

0.13

0.40***

0.43

0.43

0.22

IADL Counts

0.47

0.26***

0.23

0.43**

0.46

0.41

0.40

Lower Body Limitations Count

1.07

0.78***

0.68

1.50***

1.47

1.40

1.86

Hearing – Poor or Fair

38.8

26.5***

25.2

33.8*

37.9

28.4

36.3

Vision – Poor or Fair

28.5

21.4**

19.6

31.7**

33.4

26.3

41.3

Memory – Poor or Fair

33.7

25.5***

25.2

26.9

24.6

31.0

22.4

Self-Rated Health:

       

   Excellent or Very Good

31.2

38.9**

42.4

19.5***

18.0

24.6

10.2

   Good (reference group)

33.3

31.6

32.6

26.3

34.0

20.7

18.6

   Poor or Fair

35.5

29.4*

25.0

54.2***

48.0

54.7

71.2

Ability to Drive

81.1

91.5***

92.8

84.6**

79.0

92.2

80.6

Depressive Symptoms

       

   None

36.8

47.7***

49.5

37.8*

37.4

41.2

30.2

   1 or 2 (reference group)

39.4

35.4

35.0

37.7

32.5

43.2

38.3

   3 or more

23.8

16.9***

15.5

24.5*

30.1

15.6

31.4

Cognitive Status

       

   Low

32.2

14.1***

13.5

17.3

22.1

14.9

9.9

   Average (reference group)

30.2

35.1*

36.3

28.4

22.0

27.5

49.6

   High

37.5

50.9***

50.3

54.3

55.8

57.7

40.6

Prior Health Services Use

       

N of Self-reported Hospitalizations

       

   0 (reference group)

77.3

77.6

87.1

24.5***

0.0

60.4

0.0***

   1

15.9

14.3

9.9

39.5***

49.3

29.3

37.7

   2+

6.8

8.0

3.1

36.0***

50.7

10.2

62.3***

N of Claim-based Physician Visits

12.2

11.1*

10.6

13.9**

16.5

13.5

7.2*

Weighted N

634

888

754

134

60

54

20

  1. Note: Weighted analyses adjust for the unequal probabilities of selection due either to the multi-stage cluster sampling design and/or the over-sampling. Weighted N = 1,522 due to rounding.
  2. *p < .05 **p < .01 ***p < .001
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