Table 1 Independent variables (N = 609)

AGE

Age in years

35.6

10.8

MALE

Dummy variable = 1 if sex is male, 0 if female

0.49

0.50

EDU2

Dummy variable = 1 if highest educational attainment above elementary school but not above middle school, 0 otherwise

0.35

0.48

EDU3

Dummy variable = 1 if highest educational attainment above middle school but not above high school, 0 otherwise

0.39

0.49

EDU4

Dummy variable = 1 if highest educational attainment above high school, 0 otherwise

0.11

0.31

INCOME

Monthly income (RMB)

874.8

760.2

MIGRANT

Dummy variable = 1 if migration status is migrant, 0 if resident

0.21

0.41

EMPLOY

Dummy variable = 1 if employment is permanent, 0 if employment is temporary

0.8

0.40

HEX

Average monthly health expenditure in the past year (RMB)

27.4

72.1