Impact of a fixed price system on the supply of institutional long-term care: a comparative study of Japanese and German metropolitan areas

Table 2 Summary statistics for equation 1 and 2 * comparing 56 municipalities in Tokyo and 54 municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW)

*Variables*	*IF in Tokyo*		*PNH in Tokyo*		*NRW*
	Mean	(Standard deviation)	Mean	(Standard deviation)	Mean	(Standard deviation)
*Dependent variables*
Overall bed-density^a	34.82	(41.53)	7.48	(6.15)	47.46	(6.72)
*Explanatory variables*
Costs/cost relevant
Average facility size (beds)	92.08	(18.28)	61.41	(20.27)	77.3	(14.74)
LTA land price for T (¥1000 s)/LTA rent-level for N	382.54	( 249.39)	336.49	(254.12)	3.11	(1.02)
LTA wage of elderly care nurse for T (¥1000 s)/LTA duration for care nurse search for N^b (days)	205.05	(8.92)	205.05	(8.92)	54.3	(15.08)
Need
LTA percent elderly^c needing LTC	13.04	(1.97)	15.48	(1.96)	15.7	(2.07)
LTA growth rate of elderly^c needing LTC	-	-	8.65	(2.52)	-	-
Profit/political intervention (control variables)
LTA bed-density^a of IF	-	-	24.14	(19.98)	-	-
Density^a of subsidized beds	5.71	(6.77)	-	-	-	-
Demand (control variables)
LTA percent elderly^c	14.09	(3.86)	18.12	(4.46)	15.9	(1.59)
LTA growth rate of elderly^c	4.61	(1.83)	4.15	(1.95)	1.31	(0.67)
LTA residential tax for T (¥1000 s)/LTA disposable income for N (€1000 s)	107.38	(53.60)	107.16	(60.78)	14	(1.51)
N	54-56		47-56		54

^aBed density: number of beds per 1000 elderly adults aged 65 years and over.
^bVacancy duration for search of skilled care: time taken for an employer to find a skilled elderly care nurse.
^cElderly persons: those aged 65 years and over.
*Equation 1. BDi = βYi + α + e; Equation 2. BDi = βXi + βYi + βZi + α + e; BDi: overall supply in municipality i ; β: coefficients; α: constant; e: error with zero mean; X: variables for costs; Y: variables for need; Zi: control variables.

ISSN: 1472-6963