| Coefficient PAM (ref: level 1) | SE | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Life-style and self-management | |||
Smoking status (ref: yes) | |||
PAM level 2 | -0.29 | 0.21 | 0.158 |
PAM level 3 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.351 |
PAM level 4 | -0.12 | 0.21 | 0.559 |
Self-checking blood glucose level (ref: no) | |||
PAM level 2 | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.225 |
PAM level 3 | 0.30 | 0.16 | 0.059 |
PAM level 4 | 0.27 | 0.17 | 0.113 |
Self-perceived knowledge | |||
Knowledge of type of diabetes (ref: no) | |||
PAM level 2 | 0.78 | 0.22 | <0.001 |
PAM level 3 | 0.50 | 0.19 | 0.010 |
PAM level 4 | 0.64 | 0.22 | 0.004 |
Knowledge about side-effects of medicines | |||
PAM level 2 | 0.66 | 0.17 | <0.001 |
PAM level 3 | 0.85 | 0.16 | <0.001 |
PAM level 4 | 1.20 | 0.18 | <0.001 |
Knowledge about what to do when blood glucose level is too high | Â | Â | Â |
PAM level 2 | 0.33 | 0.14 | 0.022 |
PAM level 3 | 0.62 | 0.14 | <0.001 |
PAM level 4 | 0.83 | 0.15 | <0.001 |
Healthcare utilization | |||
Blood sample to check HbA1C over 12 months ago or never (ref: within the past 12 months) | |||
PAM level 2 | -0.20 | 0.51 | 0.697 |
PAM level 3 | 0.09 | 0.45 | 0.835 |
PAM level 4 | 0.11 | 0.50 | 0.824 |
Blood sample to check HbA1C unknown (ref: withinthe past 12 months) | |||
PAM level 2 | -0.09 | 0.41 | 0.823 |
PAM level 3 | 0.24 | 0.37 | 0.508 |
PAM level 4 | -0.09 | 0.45 | 0.850 |
Blood sample to check cholesterol level over 12 months ago or never (ref: within the past 12 months) | |||
PAM level 2 | 0.09 | 0.29 | 0.767 |
PAM level 3 | -0.04 | 0.29 | 0.896 |
PAM level 4 | -0.09 | 0.32 | 0.784 |
Blood sample to check cholesterol level unknown (ref group: within the past 12 months) | |||
PAM level 2 | -0.68 | 0.41 | 0.102 |
PAM level 3 | -0.45 | 0.37 | 0.221 |
PAM level 4 | -0.75 | 0.46 | 0.107 |
Blood pressure measurement by healthcare provider over 12 months ago or never (ref: within the past 12 months) | |||
PAM level 2 | -0.77 | 0.56 | 0.174 |
PAM level 3 | -0.46 | 0.49 | 0.346 |
PAM level 4 | -0.32 | 0.50 | 0.524 |
Blood pressure measurement by healthcare provider unknown (ref: within the past 12 months) | |||
PAM level 2 | -16.00 | 1822.19 | 0.993 |
PAM level 3 | -0.23 | 0.89 | 0.792 |
PAM level 4 | -15.90 | 1734.41 | 0.993 |
Feet check by doctor over 12 months ago or never (ref: within the past 12 months) | |||
PAM level 2 | -0.44 | 0.20 | 0.025 |
PAM level 3 | -0.29 | 0.18 | 0.105 |
PAM level 4 | -0.58 | 0.21 | 0.005 |
Feet check by doctor unknown (ref: within the past 12 months) | |||
PAM level 2 | -0.27 | 0.64 | 0.669 |
PAM level 3 | -0.12 | 0.58 | 0.838 |
PAM level 4 | -0.83 | 0.74 | 0.262 |
Eye examination over 24 months ago or never (ref: within the past 24 months) | |||
PAM level 2 | -0.54 | 0.32 | 0.089 |
PAM level 3 | -0.28 | 0.28 | 0.329 |
PAM level 4 | -1.11 | 0.38 | 0.003 |
Eye examination unknown (ref: within the past 24 months) | |||
PAM level 2 | 0.70 | 0.76 | 0.361 |
PAM level 3 | -0.49 | 0.94 | 0.605 |
PAM level 4 | -13.75 | 614.57 | 0.982 |
Self-reported clinical values | |||
Level of blood glucose between 7%- 9% (ref: between 2%-7%) | |||
PAM level 2 | -0.28 | 0.20 | 0.152 |
PAM level 3 | -0.30 | 0.19 | 0.104 |
PAM level 4 | -0.28 | 0.20 | 0.161 |
Level of blood glucose between 9%- 24% (ref: between 2%-7%) | |||
PAM level 2 | -0.44 | 0.39 | 0.261 |
PAM level 3 | -0.69 | 0.40 | 0.080 |
PAM level 4 | -0.30 | 0.40 | 0.447 |
Level of blood glucose unknown (ref: between 2%-7%) | |||
PAM level 2 | -0.40 | 0.20 | 0.047 |
PAM level 3 | -0.45 | 0.19 | 0.018 |
PAM level 4 | -0.75 | 0.22 | <0.001 |
Diastolic blood pressure 90 or higher (ref: lower than 90) | |||
PAM level 2 | -0.27 | 0.23 | 0.236 |
PAM level 3 | -0.24 | 0.22 | 0.293 |
PAM level 4 | -0.46 | 0.25 | 0.061 |
Diastolic blood pressure unknown (ref: lower than 90) | |||
PAM level 2 | -0.74 | 0.22 | 0.001 |
PAM level 3 | -0.45 | 0.20 | 0.028 |
PAM level 4 | -0.99 | 0.24 | <0.001 |
Systolic blood pressure 140 or higher (ref: lower than 140) | |||
PAM level 2 | -0.06 | 0.18 | 0.745 |
PAM level 3 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.675 |
PAM level 4 | -0.19 | 0.18 | 0.303 |
Systolic blood pressure unknown (ref: lower than 140) | |||
PAM level 2 | -0.66 | 0.24 | 0.006 |
PAM level 3 | -0.47 | 0.22 | 0.034 |
PAM level 4 | -0.72 | 0.25 | 0.004 |