Table 4 Comparison of means between patient safety grade and number of events reported with patient safety culture composite scores

Supervisor/Manager expectations and actions promoting safety

a,b,c

2.94 (0.78)

3.29 (0.67)

3.60 (0.59)

3.51 (0.64)

3.49 (0.64)

3.53 (0.66)

Organizational learning-continuous improvement

a,b,c

2.95 (1.03)

3.80 (0.59)

4.10 (0.45)

3.96 (0.58)

4.04 (0.54)

3.96 (0.69)

Teamwork within hospital units

a,b,c

3.12 (1.05)

3.67 (0.67)

4.07 (0.53)

3.94 (0.61)

3.96 (0.61)

3.91 (0.93)

Communication openness

a,b,c

2.53 (1.08)

2.91 (0.81)

3.43 (0.80)

3.27 (0.84)

3.26 (0.86)

3.39 (0.88)

Feedback and communication about errors

a,b,c

2.68 (1.13)

3.55 (0.84)

4.08 (0.73)

a

3.81 (0.90)

4.01 (0.75)

3.94 (0.88)

Non-punitive response to error

c

2.56 (0.96)

2.43 (0.74)

2.75 (0.78)

2.65 (0.76)

2.65 (0.81)

2.81 (0.90)

Staffing

c

2.74 (0.58)

2.75 (0.55)

2.90 (0.63)

2.90 (0.61)

2.83 (0.62)

2.75 (0.63)

Hospital management support for patient safety

a,b,c

2.52 (0.70)

3.46 (0.68)

3.97 (0.60)

c

3.79 (0.73)

3.84 (0.67)

3.64 (0.74)

Hospital handoffs and transitions

a,b,c

3.03 (0.83)

3.19 (0.74)

3.56 (0.73)

c

3.41 (0.78)

3.52 (0.74)

3.31 (0.71)

Teamwork across hospital units

a,b,c

2.68 (0.68)

3.30 (0.64)

3.72 (0.64)

c

3.56 (0.72)

3.64 (0.64)

3.38 (0.72)