Table 1 Demographic characteristics of patients undergoing isolated major surgery
From: Racial disparities in the use of blood transfusion in major surgery
Characteristics | CABG | Total hip replacement | Colectomy | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
White | Black | White | Black | White | Black | |
(n = 23,113) | (n = 2,736) | (n = 37,888) | (n = 5,045) | (n = 6,861) | (n = 1,394) | |
RBC transfused (%) | 10,284 (44.5) | 1,599 (58.4) | 10,680 (28.2) | 1,701 (33.7) | 1,341 (19.6) | 314 (22.5) |
Age, median (IQR) | 65 (58-73) | 61 (55-69) | 63 (55-72) | 57 (49-65) | 62 (50-73) | 59 (48-68) |
Female | 5,124 (22.2) | 1,135 (41.5) | 20,552 (54.2) | 2,738 (54.3)# | 3,403 (49.6) | 720 (51.7)# |
Primary payer | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Private | 8,802 (38.1) | 761 (27.8) | 17,849 (47.1) | 1,772 (35.1) | 3,082 (44.9) | 389 (27.9) |
Medicare | 11,441 (49.5) | 1,291 (47.2) | 17,067 (45.1) | 2,035 (40.3) | 2,984 (43.5) | 540 (38.7) |
Medicaid | 1,032 (4.5) | 330 (12.1) | 1,446 (3.8) | 798 (15.8) | 338 (4.9) | 236 (16.9) |
Self-pay | 697 (3.0) | 164 (6.0) | 324 (0.9) | 108 (2.1) | 209 (3.1) | 105 (7.5) |
Other | 1,120 (4.9) | 181 (6.6) | 1,163 (3.1) | 324 (6.4) | 241 (3.5) | 122 (8.8) |
Admission status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Emergent | 4,749 (20.6) | 817 (29.9) | 1,099 (2.9) | 141 (2.8)# | 1,508 (22.0) | 464 (33.3) |
Urgent | 6,715 (29.1) | 763 (27.9) | 895 (2.4) | 170 (3.4) | 702 (10.2) | 141 (10.1)# |
Elective | 11,615 (50.3) | 1,152 (42.1) | 35,818 (94.5) | 4,725 (93.7) | 4,602 (67.1) | 763 (54.7) |
Trauma | 6 (0.03) | 1 (0.04) | 67 (0.2) | 7 (0.2)# | 43 (0.6) | 22 (1.6) |
Comorbidity | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Congestive heart failure | 59 (0.3) | 14 (0.5) | 877 (2.3) | 169 (3.4) | 364 (5.3) | 101 (7.3) |
Valve disease | 29 (0.1) | 5 (0.2)# | 1,475 (3.9) | 96 (1.9) | 326 (4.8) | 45 (3.2) |
Pulmonary circ disease | 19 (0.1) | 3 (0.1)# | 300 (0.8) | 76 (1.5) | 104 (1.5) | 31 (2.2)# |
Periphery vascular disease | 3,557 (15.4) | 490 (17.9) | 756 (2.0) | 96 (1.9)# | 333 (4.9) | 57 (4.1)# |
Hypertension | 16,100 (69.7) | 1,706 (62.4) | 19,924 (52.6) | 3,250 (64.4) | 3,129 (45.6) | 818 (58.7) |
Paralysis | 111 (0.5) | 22 (0.8) | 108 (0.3) | 19 (0.4)# | 61 (0.9) | 18 (1.3)# |
Other neurology disorder | 715 (3.1) | 84 (3.1)# | 1,306 (3.5) | 147 (2.9) | 295 (4.3) | 49 (3.5)# |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 4,557 (19.7) | 520 (19.0)# | 4,732 (12.5) | 806 (16.0) | 987 (14.4) | 176 (12.6)# |
Diabetes w/o complications | 7,148 (30.9) | 1,071 (39.1) | 3,816 (10.1) | 827 (16.4) | 889 (13.0) | 285 (20.4) |
Diabetes with complications | 1,757 (7.6) | 319 (11.7) | 417 (1.1) | 83 (1.65) | 136 (2.0) | 35 (2.5)# |
Hypothyroid | 2,316 (10.0) | 160 (5.9) | 5,082 (13.4) | 288 (5.7) | 703 (10.3) | 64 (4.6) |
Renal failure | 3,129 (13.5) | 711 (26.0) | 1,321 (3.5) | 357 (7.1) | 395 (5.8) | 123 (8.8) |
Liver disease | 411 (1.8) | 58 (2.1)# | 535 (1.4) | 127 (2.5) | 170 (2.5) | 26 (1.9)# |
Peptic ulcer | 9 (0.04) | 0 (0.0)# | 7 (0.02) | 0 (0.0)# | 3 (0.04) | 1 (0.07)# |
AIDS | 27 (0.12) | 15 (0.6) | 88 (0.2) | 69 (1.4) | 8 (0.1) | 7 (0.5) |
Lymphoma | 122 (0.5) | 11 (0.4)# | 240 (0.6) | 34 (0.7)# | 47 (0.7) | 7 (0.5)# |
Metastatic cancer | 50 (0.2) | 3 (0.1)# | 225 (0.6) | 21 (0.4)# | 962 (14.0) | 208 (14.9)# |
Tumor w/o metastasis | 328 (1.4) | 44 (1.6)# | 263 (0.7) | 23 (0.5) | 205 (3.0) | 43 (3.1)# |
Rheumatoid arthritis | 478 (2.1) | 66 (2.4)# | 1,460 (3.9) | 335 (6.6) | 179 (2.6) | 31 (2.2)# |
Coagulopathy* | 121 (0.5) | 12 (0.4)# | 183 (0.5) | 14 (0.3) | 32 (0.5) | 4 (0.3)# |
Obese | 4,564 (19.8) | 566 (20.7)# | 4,955 (13.1) | 864 (17.1) | 696 (10.1) | 178 (12.8) |
Weight loss | 204 (0.9) | 34 (1.2)# | 110 (0.3) | 26 (0.5) | 317 (4.6) | 91 (6.5) |
Fluid electrolyte disorder | 1,112 (4.8) | 195 (7.1) | 718 (1.9) | 108 (2.1)# | 467 (6.8) | 149 (10.7) |
Blood loss anemia | 48 (0.2) | 14 (0.5) | 62 (0.2) | 9 (0.2)# | 93 (1.4) | 47 (3.4) |
Deficiency anemia | 1,880 (8.1) | 476 (17.4) | 1,913 (5.1) | 423 (8.4) | 934 (13.6) | 262 (18.8) |
Alcohol abuse | 804 (3.5) | 135 (4.9) | 693 (1.8) | 137 (2.7) | 167 (2.4) | 66 (4.7) |
Drug abuse | 296 (1.3) | 161 (5.9) | 334 (0.9) | 170 (3.4) | 85 (1.2) | 58 (4.2) |
Psychoses | 374 (1.6) | 49 (1.8)# | 657 (1.7) | 119 (2.4) | 154 (2.2) | 49 (3.5) |
Depression | 1,906 (8.3) | 149 (5.5) | 4,660 (12.3) | 394 (7.8) | 628 (9.2) | 68 (4.9) |