Skip to main content

Table 4 Socio-demographic characteristics by clusters

From: Exploring consumers’ attitudes towards informal patient payments using the combined method of cluster and multinomial regression analysis - the case of Hungary

Group

1

2

3

Total

Missing

N

311

316

297

924

113

Socio- demographic characteristics

Age group

     

<35

104 (33.4%)*

100 (31.7%)

87 (29.3%)

291 (31.5%)

36 (31.9%)

35-59

119 (38.3%)**

148 (46.8%)

130 (43.8%)

397 (43.0%)

33 (29.2%)***

≥60

88 (21.9%)***

68 (18.0%)***

80 (26.9%)

236 (25.5%)

44 (38.9%)***

Gender

     

Man

144 (46.3%)

140 (44.3%)**

151 (50.8%)

435(47.1%)

46 (40.7%)

Woman

167 (53.7%)

176 (55.7%)**

146 (49.2%)

489(52.9%)

67 (59.3%)***

Residence

     

Village

71 (22.8%)***

101 (32.0%)

92 (31.0%)

264 (28.6%)

39 (34.5%)

Town

166 (53.4%)

182 (57.6%)***

149 (50.2%)

497 (53.8%)

55 (48.7%)

Capital

74 (23.8%)***

33 (10.4%)***

56 (18.9%)

163 (17.6%)

19 (16.8%)

Education

     

Primary

64 (20.6%)

40 (12.7%)***

71 (23.9%)

175 (18.9%)

35 (31.0%)***

Secondary/vocational

197 (63.3%)

233 (73.7%)***

198 (66.6%)

628 (68.0%)

67 (59.3%)**

Tertiary

50 (16.1%)***

43 (13.6%)**

28 (9.4%)

121 (13.1%)

11 (9.7%)

Health

     

Very bad. bad

43 (13.8%)

28 (8.9%)**

38 (12.8%)

109 (11.8%)

14 (12.4%)

Fair

82 (26.4%)

79 (25.0%)**

90 (30.3%)

251 (27.2%)

33 (29.2%)

Good

98 (31.5%)

134 (42.4%)***

88 (29.6%)

320 (34.6%)

35 (31.0%)

Very Good. excellent

88 (28.3%)

75 (23.7%)

81 (27.3%)

244 (26.4%)

31 (27.4%)

Age

     

Mean

46.4

44.6***

47.0

46.0

49.4*

SD

(18.4)

(15.9)

(17.2)

(17.2)

(19.96)

Income (HUF), 1 EUR ~ 285 HUF

     

Mean

164 727**

188 230***

152 787

168 697

157 021***

SD

(81 808)

(100 351)

(100 081)

(95 441)

(79 959)

N

301

299

292

892

105

Household

     

Mean

2.6

2.9***

2.5

2.7

2.5

SD

(1.2)

(1.3)

(1.3)

(1.3)

(1.5)

Past utilization and payments

    

Physician visit

     

N

310

315

296

921

112

Not visited

60 (19.4%)

55 (17.5%)

61 (20.6%)

176 (19.1%)

31 (27.7%)**

Visited and not paid

158 (51.0%)***

211 (67.0%)**

214 (72.3%)

583 (63.3%)

69 (61.6%)

Visited and paid

92 (29.7%)***

49 (15.6%)***

21 (7.1%)

162 (17.6%)

12 (10.7%)*

Hospitalization

     

N

311

315

297

923

113

Not hospitalized

228 (73.3%)***

258 (81.9%)

239 (80.5%)

725 (78.6%)

92 (81.4%)

hospitalized not paid

34 (10.9%)**

27 (8.6%)***

45 (15.2%)

106 (11.5%)

16 (14.2%)

hospitalized and paid

49 (15.8%)***

30 (9.5%)***

13 (4.4%)

92 (10.0%)

5 (4.4)**

  1. stars indicate significant difference from the 3 rd group in terms of mean (t test), or proportion (z-test).
  2. in the case of “missing” group stars indicate significant difference from the Total.
  3. * p < 0,1; ** p < 0,05; *** p < 0,01.