The impact of nurse working hours on patient safety culture: a cross-national survey including Japan, the United States and Chinese Taiwan using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture

Table 2 Effect of nurse working hours on patient safety grade and number of adverse events reported

	Working hours per week	P value	Odds ratio	95% CI
Patient safety grade
Japan	<40		1.00
	40–60	0.31	0.92	0.78–1.08
	≥60	0.01^*	0.65	0.46–0.90
U.S.	<40		1.00
	40–60	0.11	1.03	0.99–1.06
	≥60	<0.001^**	0.82	0.78–0.88
Taiwan	<40		1.00
	40–60	0.47	1.06	0.90–1.26
	≥60	0.18	0.84	0.64–1.09
Number of events reported
Japan	<40		1.00
	40–60	<0.001^**	1.72	1.41–2.09
	≥60	<0.001^**	2.74	1.68–4.47
U.S.	<40		1.00
	40–60	<0.001^**	1.08	1.05–1.11
	≥60	0.002^**	1.11	1.04–1.18
Taiwan	<40		1.00
	40–60	0.009^**	1.23	1.05–1.43
	≥60	<0.001^**	1.85	1.45–2.36

ISSN: 1472-6963