Table 2 Positive response rate of each item and Cronbach’s α for dimensions
Dimension/items(internal consistency reliability coefficient) | US | China |
|---|---|---|
1.Teamwork Within Units (Cranach’s α = 0.72) | 80% | 84% |
A1. People support one another in this facility | 86% | 87% |
A3. When a lot of work needs to be done quickly, we work together as a team to get the work done | 86% | 87% |
A4. In facility, people treat each other with respect | 78% | 80% |
A11. When one area in this unit gets really busy, others help out | 69% | 81% |
2.Supervisor/Manager Expectations & Actions Promoting Patient Safety (Cranach’s α = 0.51) | 75% | 63% |
B2. Manager says a good word when he/she sees a job done according to established | 76% | 76% |
B3. Whenever pressure builds up, my supervisor/manager wants us to work faster, even if it means taking shortcuts | 74% | 36% |
B4. My supervisor/manager overlooks patient safety problems that happen over and over | 76% | 78% |
3.Organizational Learning—Continuous Improvement (Cranach’s α = 0.74) | 72% | 88% |
A6. We are actively doing things to improve patient safety. | 84% | 87% |
A13. After we make changes to improve patient safety, we evaluate their effectiveness. | 69% | 89% |
4.Management Support for Patient Safety (Cranach’s α = 0.67) | 72% | 69% |
F1. Hospital management provides a work climate that promotes patient safety. | 81% | 71% |
F8. The actions of hospital management show that patient safety is a top priority. | 75% | 70% |
F9. Hospital management seems interested in patient safety only after an adverse event happens | 61% | 65% |
5.Overall Perceptions of Patient Safety (Cranach’s α = 0.64) | 66% | 55% |
A10. It is just by chance that more serious mistakes don't happen around here. | 62% | 61% |
A17. We had patient safety problems in this unit. | 64% | 37% |
A18. Our procedures and systems are good at preventing errors from happening. | 72% | 65% |
6.Feedback & Communication About Error (Cranach’s α = 0.64) | 64% | 50% |
C1. We are given feedback about changes put into place based on event reports. | 56% | 54% |
C3. We are informed about errors that happen in this unit. | 65% | 64% |
C5. In this unit, we discuss ways to prevent errors from happening again. | 72% | 53% |
7 Communication Openness (Cranach’s α = -0.47) | 62% | 65% |
C2. Staff will freely speak up if they see something that may negatively affect patient care. | 75% | 51% |
C4. Staffs are afraid to ask questions when something does not seem right. | 47% | 80% |
C6. Staffs feel free to question the decisions or actions of those with more authority. | 63% | 64% |
8.Nonpunitive Response to Errors (Cranach’s α = 0.75) | 44% | 60% |
A8. Staff feel like their mistakes are held against them. | 50% | 53% |
A12. When an event is reported, it feels like the person is being written up, not the problem. | 46% | 67% |
A16. Staff worry that mistakes they make are kept in their personnel file. | 35% | 60% |
9 Teamwork Across Units (Cranach’s α = -0.63) | 58% | 66% |
F4. There is good cooperation among hospital units that need to work together. | 60% | 66% |
10. Staffing (Cranach’s α = 0.63) | 56% | 45% |
A2. We have enough staff to handle the workload. | 56% | 42% |
A5. Staffs in this unit work longer hours than is best for patient care. | 51% | 38% |
A7. We use more agency/temporary staff than is best for patient care. | 44% | 37% |
A14. We work in “crisis mode” trying to do too much, too quickly. | 45% | 61% |