Table 2 Levels of utilization of healthcare services during pre-surgery, peri-operative, and follow-up periods among study subjects (N = 14,912)*

Prescriptions

Pain-related

Oral medications

NSAIDs^†

2.0 (3.4)

0.4 (0.9)

1.4 (2.9)

< 0.01

Opioids

2.5 (5.2)

3.0 (3.1)

2.2 (5.4)

< 0.01

Antiepileptics

0.5 (2.2)

0.1 (0.6)

0.6 (2.6)

< 0.01

Antidepressants^‡

1.6 (4.1)

0.4 (1.1)

1.9 (4.5)

< 0.01

Injectable agents

Corticosteroids

0.9 (1.6)

0.1 (0.6)

0.5 (1.3)

< 0.01

Opioids

0.1 (0.6)

0.0 (0.3)

0.1 (0.6)

0.13

Hyaluronic acid

0.4 (1.5)

0.0 (0.1)

0.0 (0.4)

< 0.01

Total of above

1.4 (2.5)

0.1 (0.7)

0.6 (1.6)

< 0.01

Topical agents

0.1 (0.4)

0.0 (0.1)

0.1 (0.5)

< 0.01

Total number of prescriptions

7.1 (7.1)

9.2 (15.2)

10.7 (15.2)

< 0.01

Healthcare services

Outpatient care

Physician office visits

15.9 (13.3)

12.0 (9.7)

15.3 (15.0)

< 0.01

Other outpatient visits

3.2 (4.7)

2.7 (4.9)

2.6 (5.1)

< 0.01

ED visits

0.2 (0.7)

0.1 (0.4)

0.2 (0.9)

0.61

All outpatient visits

18.0 (14.3)

14.2 (9.6)

17.1 (16.1)

< 0.01

Hospitalizations

No. (%) with ≥ 1 hospitalizations

1,115 (7.5)

14,392 (96.5)

1,456 (9.8)

< 0.01