Adjusted % change in costs over 12 months post-index date: All Patients (Accounting for loss to follow-up, costs recorded as zero post death) | Adjusted change in costs over 12 months post-index date: Survivors (Includes patients who did not die; Accounting for loss to follow-up) | Adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) of death over 12 months post-index | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | |||||||
Age (years) | estimate | CI | estimate | CI | HR | CI | |
20-59 | 81.70% | (43.8% to 119.7%) | 24.62% | (4.04% to 45.20%) | 0.38 | (0.27 to 0.53) | |
60-64 | 85.60% | (44.8% to 126.3%) | 31.74% | (9.90% to 53.58%) | 0.37 | (0.25 to 0.55) | |
65-69 | 95.40% | (55.5% to 135.3%) | 38.45% | (16.91% to 59.98%) | 0.38 | (0.26 to 0.54) | |
70-74 | 75.80% | (41.9% to 109.7%) | 30.56% | (11.53% to 49.60%) | 0.48 | (0.36 to 0.64) | |
75-79 | 69.60% | (38.4% to 100.8%) | 30.10% | (12.24% to 47.96%) | 0.54 | (0.42 to 0.71) | |
80-84 | 24.90% | (0.4% to 49.4%) | 19.94% | (2.96% to 26.93%) | 0.81 | (0.64 to 1.02) | |
85 years and over (reference) | |||||||
Gender | |||||||
male (reference) | |||||||
Female | −14.80% | (−24.0% to −5.6%) | −12.74% | (20.21% to −5.27%) | 1.09 | (0.92 to 1.30) | |
Race | |||||||
white (reference) | |||||||
non-white | −0.10% | (−22.1% to 21.9%) | 3.48% | (−14.58% to 21.54%) | 1.33 | (0.90 to 1.97) | |
Clinical findings and measurements | |||||||
BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||
<25 | −11.00% | (−26.7% to 4.6%) | 13.16% | (−2.11% to 28.43%) | 1.78 | (1.31 to 2.42) | |
25-34 | −0.40% | (−13.4% to 12.6%) | 4.52% | (−6.61% to 15.66%) | 1.24 | (0.94 to 1.63) | |
>=35 (reference) | |||||||
Smoking Status | |||||||
current smoker | −24.80% | (−37.9% to −11.8%) | −21.58% | (−32.74% to −10.41%) | 1.28 | (0.96 to 1.70) | |
never or former smoker (reference) | |||||||
Systolic blood pressure (mm/hg) | |||||||
<120 | −8.00% | (−20.3% to4.3%) | 4.29% | (−6.38% to 14.97%) | 1.41 | (1.14 to 1.74) | |
120-140 | −10.10% | (−20.5% to 0.2%) | −2.40% | (−11.08% to 6.29%) | 1.26 | (1.03 to 1.55) | |
>140 (reference) | |||||||
Hemoglobin | |||||||
<11gm/dl | −20.10% | (−36.7% to −3.6%) | 33.27% | (14.18% to 52.37%) | 2.08 | (1.70 to 2.53) | |
>= 11gm/dl (reference) | |||||||
Renal function* (ml/min/1.73m2) | |||||||
>=60 | 24.60% | (−10.1% to 59.4%) | −44.73% | (−54.85% to −34.61%) | 0.35 | (0.27 to 0.45) | |
45-60 | 38.10% | (−1.6% to 77.8%) | −36.75% | (−48.68% to −24.81%) | 0.40 | (0.30 to 0.52) | |
30-45 | 24.70% | (−12.8% to 62.1%) | −31.49% | (−44.97% to −18.01%) | 0.57 | (0.44 to 0.74) | |
<30 (reference) | |||||||
Ejection fraction on echocardiogram(%) | |||||||
>65 | 52.70% | (1.5% to 103.4%) | −3.00% | (−26.81% to 20.81%) | 0.43 | (0.29 to 0.64) | |
51-65 | 50.70% | (7.1% to 94.3%) | −15.37% | (−33.47% to 2.74%) | 0.36 | (0.27 to 0.49) | |
41-50 | 44.70% | (0.3% to 89.0%) | −14.80% | (−34.20% to 4.60%) | 0.39 | (0.27 to 0.56) | |
31-40 | 47.10% | (2.1% to 92.0%) | −16.09% | (−35.00% to 2.82%) | 0.37 | (0.26 to 0.53) | |
21-30 | 50.50% | (4.3% to 96.8%) | −5.38% | (−26.83% to 16.07%) | 0.44 | (0.31 to 0.64) | |
1-20 (reference) | |||||||
Posterior wall thickness on echocardiogram (mm) | |||||||
<11 | 9.70% | (−2.0% to 21.4%) | 9.83% | (69.90% to 18.96%) | 1.10 | (0.92 to 1.30) | |
>=11 (reference) | |||||||
Comorbid diagnoses | |||||||
Atrial fibrillation | yes | 15.30% | (3.1% to 27.6%) | 26.75% | (16.72% to 36.79%) | 1.08 | (0.91 to 1.27) |
no (reference) | |||||||
Aortic valvular disease | yes | 0.40% | (−10.5% to 11.3%) | 9.25% | (35.73% to 18.14%) | 1.22 | (1.03 to 1.44) |
no (reference) | |||||||
Coronary artery disease | yes | 13.90% | (1.9% to 26.0%) | 19.86% | (10.19% to 29.53%) | 1.09 | (0.91 to 1.31) |
no (reference) | |||||||
Chronic lung disease | yes | 29.20% | (16.3% to 42.0%) | 44.95% | (33.82% to 56.08%) | 1.25 | (1.06 to 1.47) |
no (reference) | |||||||
Depression | yes | 36.20% | (18.6% to 53.8%) | 64.00% | (48.85% to 79.16%) | 1.31 | (1.08 to 1.58) |
no (reference) | |||||||
Diabetes | yes | 37.80% | (22.5% to 53.0%) | 64.82% | (51.37% to 78.26%) | 1.38 | (1.16 to 1.65) |
no (reference) | |||||||
Hypothyroidism | yes | 1.40% | (−13.1% to 15.8%) | 21.20% | (9.36% to 33.05%) | 1.25 | (1.02 to 1.52) |
no (reference) | |||||||
Hyperlipidemia | yes | 21.40% | (8.4% to 34.4%) | 14.35% | (5.11% to 23.60%) | 0.87 | (0.73 to 1.04) |
no (reference) | |||||||
Peripheral vascular disease | yes | 13.20% | (−4.0% to 30.3%) | 37.31% | (23.46% to 51.16%) | 1.33 | (1.10 to 1.62) |
no (reference) | |||||||
Stroke | yes | −0.80% | (−19.0% to 17.4%) | 19.08% | (4.99% to 33.16%) | 1.37 | (1.10 to 1.71) |
no (reference) | |||||||
Transient ischemic attack | yes | 18.00% | (−5.4% to 41.5%) | 4.44% | (−11.27% to 20.16%) | 0.84 | (0.63 to 1.14) |
no (reference) |