Table 5 Comparison of reported cost estimates in relation to cervical cancer for China
Study | Year of estimation (article language) | Study population | Rural or urban setting | Overall study design | Cost data collection | Perspective | Cost category covered | Reported cost of select or available items (US$) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The current study | 2008–2009 (English) | Shanxi, Prov. | Rural | Purely costing study | Micro-costing approach (county and prefecture level) | Societal (direct medical and non-medical costs) | Screening, diagnosis and treatment | |
2008 (English) | Shanxi, Prov. | Rural | Cost-effectiveness analysis | Micro-costing for screening, diagnosis and part of treatment (LEEP and simple hysterectomy); Checking audits of hospital charges to estimate cancer treatment costs | Societal (direct medical and non-medical costs) | Screening, diagnosis and treatment | VIA screening: $3.55 (mobile), $4.30 (program-based); VILI screening: $0.40; careHPV: $9.20 (self-sampling), $10.34 (provider-sampling); LEEP: $55.95; Cancer treatment: $628 (FIGO I); $1953 (FIGO II); $1810 (FIGO III); $663 (FIGO IV) | |
Levin et al 2009 [3] | 2005 (English) | Shanxi, Prov. (Rural) | Rural | Cost-effectiveness analysis | Micro-costing (county and national level) | Societal (direct medical and non-medical costs) | Screening, diagnosis and treatment | Direct medical costs at a county level: Colposcopy: ~$8.21; Biopsy: ~$15.46; LEEP: ~$87.58; CKC: ~$87.13; Simple hysterectomy: ~$354; Local cancer: ~$387; Regional/distant cancer: ~$1,739 |
Goldie et al 2005 [8] | 2005 (English) | 25 Asia Pacific regions, including China | Not indicated | Broad cost- effectiveness analysis | Leveraged available data in select other countries and extrapolate to China based on several indicators, including gross domestic product per capita | Societal | Screening, diagnosis and treatment | Average direct medical cost of cervical cancer treatment: ~I$1,500 for cancer stage I, ~I$1,700 for cancer stage II–IV |
Deng et al 2010 [14] | 2006 (Chinese) | A county-level site (Liuyang) in Hunan Prov. | Rural | Cost-benefit analysis | Standard hospital charges (released by the local Office of Health of Hunan Prov.) for screening and diagnosis; expert opinion for treatment | Medical cost only | Screening, diagnosis and treatment | Pap smear screening: ~$4; Colposcopy: ~$13; Biopsy (one punch): ~$18; CKC: ~$585; Radical hysterectomy: $1,756; Mainly chemo/ radiotherapy: ~$3,658 |
Wang et al 2009 [16] | 1996–2006 (Chinese) | Lanzhou City, Gansu Prov. | Urban | Time-trend analysis of in-patient hospitalization fee (cervical cancer and breast cancer) | Hospital bill audits review (N = 1,564) | In-patient fee only | Cancer treatment only | Average treatment expense per patient with cervical cancer: ~$1,464 (2006) and ~ $1,185 (1996–2006) |
Guan et al 2004 [15] | 1997–2001 (Chinese) | Wuhan City, Hubei Prov. | Urban | Time-trend analysis of in-patient hospitalization fee (cervical cancer only) | Hospital bill audits review (N = 106) | In-patient fee only | Cancer treatment only | Average treatment expense per patient with cervical cancer: ~$1,390 (1997–2001) |
Tan et al 2003 [13] | 1996–2001 (Chinese) | Beijing City | Urban | Analysis of in-patient hospitalization fee and clinical outcomes (Hysterectomy only) | Hospital bill audits review (N = 4,180) | In-patient fee only | Treatment only | Average treatment expense of various hysterectomy types: ~$736 - ~ $1,094 |