Skip to main content

Table 5 Generalized Estimating Equations

From: Predictors and outcomes of patient safety culture in hospitals

  

Patient Safety Grade

Number of Events Reported

  

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Composite

Supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting safety

1.23 (1.03 - 1.47)

0.024

0.93 (0.83 - 1.03)

0.152

 

Organizational Learning-Continuous Improvement

1.30 (1.03 - 1.65)

0.029

1.11 (0.94 - 1.32)

0.227

 

Teamwork Within Hospital Units

1.64 (1.40 - 1.93)

<0.001

0.97 (0.85 - 1.12)

0.708

 

Communication Openness

1.09 (0.94 - 1.26)

0.256

1.03 (0.92 - 1.15)

0.579

 

Feedback and Communication About Errors

1.54 (1.33 - 1.78)

<0.001

1.17 (1.03 - 1.32)

0.013

 

Non-punitive Response to Error

1.02 (0.91 - 1.15)

0.768

1.10 (0.99 - 1.22)

0.066

 

Staffing

1.31 (1.16 - 1.48)

<0.001

1.05 (0.93 - 1.19)

0.380

 

Hospital Management Support for Patient Safety

1.85 (1.53 - 2.28)

<0.001

1.02 (0.90 - 1.16)

0.703

 

Hospital Handoffs and Transitions

1.36 (1.15 - 1.61)

<0.001

0.79 (0.68 - 0.91)

0.003

 

Teamwork Across Hospital Units

1.14 (0.92 - 1.40)

0.226

0.94 (0.82 - 1.08)

0.409

Position

Physician

0.79 (0.50 - 1.23)

0.292

1.30 (0.83 - 2.03)

0.258

 

Pharmacist

1.07 (0.26 - 4.33)

0.925

2.14 (0.77 - 5.97)

0.146

 

Other health professions

0.73 (0.67 - 1.49)

0.389

1.22 (0.60 - 2.46)

0.579

 

Unit assistant/Clerk/Secretary/Technician

1.79 (1.17 - 2.74)

0.008

0.78 (0.55 - 1.13)

0.190

 

Administration

0.39 (0.27 - 0.57)

<0.001

3.57 (1.99 - 6.40)

<0.001

 

Quality and Safety

0.93 (0.39 - 2.58)

0.887

3.14 (1.24 - 7.91)

0.015

 

Other

1.66 (1.12 - 2.48)

0.012

1.28 (0.95 - 1.72)

0.104

 

Nurse

1

 

1

 

Accredited

Yes

1.13 (0.69 - 1.46)

0.365

1.23 (0.88 - 1.73)

0.232

 

No

1

 

1

 

Hospital Size

Small

0.83 (0.88 - 1.14)

0.246

1.29 (0.67 - 2.46)

0.450

 

Medium

1.03 (0.70 - 1.42)

0.859

1.22 (0.64 - 2.32)

0.542

 

Large

1

 

1

 

N

 

3653

 

3207

 
Back to article page

BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

Contact us