Leadership, staffing and quality of care in nursing homes

Table 2 Descriptive statistics of the independent variables, scale 1 - 7 (N = 40 wards)

Leadership style (N = 444 staff in 40 wards)
Task-oriented leadership style - Cronbach's alpha = 0.89	Mean	SD	Low - high
There are strict routines for refilling face cloth. towels and incontinence products	5.89	0.67	3.80 - 6.90
Reports during changing of personnel is preformed in a proper fashion	5.45	0.64	4.00 - 6.67
All personnel in the ward are aware of each individuals field of responsibility	5.11	0.83	1.80 - 6.60
The supervisor is concerned about the performance of routines. procedures and care plans	5.09	0.89	2.00 - 7.00
The supervisor is monitoring the performance of the tasks to make sure they are done properly	4.64	0.95	1.80 - 6.44
Relationship-oriented leadership style (scale 1 to 7) - Cronbach's alpha = 0.95
The supervisor gives supports and encourages the staff	4.97	1.12	2.88 - 6.88
The supervisor is thoughtful towards the staff	5.06	1.17	2.38 - 6.86
The supervisor will be there for the staff if necessary	4.97	1.26	2.20 - 6.88
The supervisor listen to the staff	5.04	1.17	2.50 - 6.79
The supervisor is active in order to solve personal conflicts in the ward	4.75	1.18	1.20 - 6.45
Staffing
Total staffing levels - number full time equivalents per residents per year (FTE)	0.81	0.08	0.67 - 0.99
Ratio of registered nurses	0.27	0.10	0.11 - 0.55
Ratio of unlicensed staff	0.19	0.10	0.05 - 0.50
Care level
Percentage of residents dependent on wheel chair*	4.73	1.96	1 - 7
Percentage of residents dependent patient lift during care**	4.43	1.92	1 - 7

* = (1 = < 5%. 2 = 5% to 10%. 3 = 10% to 20%. 4 = 20% to 30%. 5 = 30% to 40%. 6 = 40% to 50% and 7 > 50%)
** = (1 = < 5%. 2 = 5% to 10%. 3 = 10% to 15%. 4 = 15% to 20%. 5 = 20% to 25%. 6 = 25% to 30% and 7 > 30%)

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