Description of the study |
1. Patient/population |
2. Number |
3. Setting |
4. Intervention |
5. Comparison/control |
6. Outcomes |
7. Inclusion criteria |
8. Exclusion criteria |
Study validity |
1. Were there any conflicts of interest in the writing or funding of this study? |
2. Does the study have a clearly focused question? |
3. Is a cohort study the appropriate method to answer this question? |
4. Does the study have specified inclusion/exclusion criteria? |
5. If there were specified inclusion/exclusion criteria, were these appropriate? |
6. Other than the exposure under investigation, were the groups selected from similar populations? |
7. Aside from the exposure, were the groups treated the same? |
8. Was exposure measured in a standard, valid and reliable way? |
9. Were outcome assessors blind to the exposure? |
10. Were all outcomes measured in a standard, valid and reliable way? |
11. Were outcomes assessed objectively and independently? |
12. Is the paper free of selective outcome reporting? |
13. Were the outcomes measured appropriate? |
14. Was there sufficient duration of follow up? |
15. Was the study sufficiently powered to detect any differences between the groups? |
16. If statistical analysis was undertaken, was this appropriate? |
17. Were the groups similar at baseline with regards to key prognostic variables? |
18. What percentage of the individuals recruited into each arm of the study were lost to follow up? |
19. What percentages of the individuals were not included in the analysis? |
Other 1. What is the overall risk of bias? |
Results |
Authors' conclusions |
Our comments |