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Hanser, SB & Thomson, LW
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1994
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USA
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30 depressed home-bound adults ranged in age from 61 to 86
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To examine a music-facilitated psychoeducational strategy as a cost-effective and accessible intervention
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8 week program of receptive MT including 8 MT-techniques combined with mind/body interventions
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Three groups with 10 patients each: (1) HBMT, (2) phone administered, and (3) control
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Both HBMT and self-administered MT significantly increased in tests of depression, distress, self-esteem, and mood and remained stable after 9 month follow up
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3-armed RCT with 9-month follow-up
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Shiraishi, IM
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1997
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USA
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14 multi-risk mothers ranged in age from 21 to 41 years
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To explore the prevalence of anxiety and depression and the effectiveness of MT on these symptoms
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8 week program of receptive MT
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Three groups: (1) control (n = 4), (2) phone administered (n = 5) and (3) HBMT (n = 5)
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Both HBMT and phone administered MT decreased depression and increased self-esteem levels. HBMT had subjective better gains than phone administered mothers
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3-armed RCT
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McBride, S
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1999
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USA
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24 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (mean age: 69 ± 5,7 years)
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To examine the feasibility of using music as an intervention for dyspnea and anxiety
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Receptive instrumental MT (classical, new age, easy listening) on an individual schedule
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No comparison
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Using preferred music as an intervention led to a decline of dyspnea and anxiety
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Single armed observational study with repeated measures
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Hilliard,, RE
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2003
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USA
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80 adults diagnosed with terminal cancer (mean age: 66 years (MT group) and 65 (control group)
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To evaluate the effects of MT on quality of life and length of life in care
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Individualized music therapy with a variety of interventions, e.g. singing, listening or instrument playing
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Two groups: (1) Routine hospice services and MT versus (2) routine hospice services only
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Results clearly support music therapy in hospice and palliative care for improving quality of life of people diagnosed with terminal cancer
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Randomized experimental control-group design
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Pasiali, V
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2004
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USA
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3 children (7,8 and 9 years old) with autism (diagnosis ranging from high functioning to mildly impaired)
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To investigate the effect of presciptive songs on promoting social skills aquisition by autistic children
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Prescriptive therapeutic songs
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No comparison
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Results are not conclusive, but there are some hints that prescriptive songs are a viable intervention for children with autism
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Three case studies with ABAB reversal design
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Siedlecki, SL
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2005
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USA
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60 patients aged from 21 to 65 with chronic non-malignant pain (CNMP)
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To examine the effect of two music-listening interventions on measures of power, pain, depression, and disability in individuals with chronic non-malignant pain
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Two music-listening interventions: a standard music (SM) intervention and a patterned music therapy (PM) intervention with pleasant familiar instrumental or vocal music or the sounds of nature
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Three groups: (1) standard care without MT, (2) standard music interventions, (3) a patterned music therapy
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Both music-listening interventions were equally effective for increasing power, and decreasing pain, depressive symptoms, and disability associated with CNMP. Patients were taught to use music at home to moderate these symptoms
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3 armed RCT
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Muthesius, D
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2005
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Germany
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40 patients with dementia
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To explore the effectiveness of HBMT and the linked support for the caring situation
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Singing songs and playing familiar music
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No comparison
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Similar effects to in-house treatment like emotional support or orientation. More and detailed biographical details from patients, their musical resources support carers and relatives to get positive impressions of the patients
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Observational study with nested in single case vignettes
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Chiang, JYK
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2008
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New Zealand
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4 carers (three mothers and one speech-langu age therapist) of children with special needs
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To investigate how carergivers and other professionals perceive the music therapy process over time
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Instrument playing, movement and listening to music, and singing of songs
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No comparison
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From the perspective of caregivers, music therapy allows them to collaborate with the music therapist. MT contributes to the development of reflective skills for delivering effective professional practice
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Explorational qualitative study design with semi-structured interviews
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Baker, F et al.
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On-going
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Australia
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120 couples where one partner has a probable diagnosis of dementia
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To advance the understanding of MT-techniques to enhance spousal relationship and reduce functional and emotional strain on the spousal caregiver
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Singing familiar songs, movement to music, listening to music control: recreational reading intervention
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Two groups: (1) active music intervention and (2) control group with recreational reading
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Ongoing study
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2 armed RCT
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Thomas, A, et al.
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2009
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Australia
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191 clients of the Eastern Palliative Care (EPC) from 2007 to 2008
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To evaluate the effectiveness of single MT in community based palliative care. Perspectives of clients, carers and therapists are included
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Live or recorded music provided by Registered Music Therapists at the EPC who are specifically trained to support people in their own home with music therapy sessions
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No comparison
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Music therapy supports clients with a life-threatening illness to maintain and/or improve their quality of life and also supports family members in their role as caregivers.
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Observational study with nested in qualitative study
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Brandes, V
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2010
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Austria
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203 patients with depression and/or burnout and an average age of 49,6 +13,1 years
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To investigate new strategies to improve therapy outcomes in psychosocial and antidepressant treatment
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Individualized short-term receptive music therapy. MT was administered as single therapy or add-on therapy to antidepressants and/or psychotherapy
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Four groups: (1) MT with specific newly composed music, (2) MT with specially arranged classical music, (3) a placebo group receiving nature sounds, and (4) a waiting-list control group.
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Individualized short-term music therapy is beneficial as alternative or complementary depression treatment
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4 armed RCT
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