Table 3 Specificities of research instruments (31 publications reviewed)1
Classification category | Sub-categories | N | Reference index in Appendix 1 |
|---|---|---|---|
Groups of questions on informal patient payments for general public and patients | Incidents of informal payments | 20 | 1,2,3,7,9,10,12,15,16,17,18,20,21,22,23,24,26,27, 29,30 |
| Â | Types of informal payments | 14 | 1,2,3,10,11,15,17,18,20,21,23,24,26,27 |
| Â | Beneficiary of informal payments | 16 | 1,2,3,10,11,12,15,17,18,20,21,23,24,26,29,30 |
| Â | Moment of informal payments | 4 | 2,10,17,20 |
| Â | Magnitude of informal payments | 19 | 1,2,3,4,5,9,10,12,14,15,16,18,20,21,22,23,24,29,30 |
| Â | Reasons for informal payments | 10 | 2,3,10,13,17,20,21,23,24,28 |
| Â | Perceived effect of informal payments | 3 | 2,13,20 |
| Â | Attitudes towards informal payments | 7 | 2,7,10,20,21,22,23 |
Groups of questions on informal patient payments for providers and officials | Incidents of informal payments | 2 | 24,25 |
| Â | Types of informal payments | 4 | 20,24,25,31 |
| Â | Moment of informal payments | 1 | 20 |
| Â | Frequency of informal payments | 1 | 31 |
| Â | Magnitude of informal payments | 2 | 6,31 |
| Â | Reasons for informal payments | 6 | 13,19,20,23,24,25 |
| Â | Attitudes toward informal payments | 6 | 17,19,20,23,24,25 |
| Â | Perceived effect of informal payments | 1 | 13 |
| Â | Mechanism of informal payments | 3 | 17,19,24 |
| Â | Reduction of informal payments | 1 | 13 |
Pilot and pre-tests of the research instrument | Pilot study | 10 | 1,7,13,16,20,21,25,26,28,30 |
| Â | Pre-test | 2 | 7,17 |
| Â | Not presented | 19 | 2,3,4,5,6,9,10,11,12,14,15,18,19,22,23,24,27,29,31 |
Cross-national specificity of the research instrument | Backward translation | 3 | 2,16,25 |
| Â | Country specific part | 2 | 2,16 |
| Â | Not presented | 2 | 9,21 |
Recall period of the experience or the general public and the patients | Less than 1 month | 1 | 18 |
| Â | 1-5 months | 9 | 1,2,5,7,9,11,14,15,17 |
| Â | 6-11 months | 5 | 15,18,20,26,27 |
| Â | 12 months and more | 11 | 3,4,5,9,11,12,16,18,22,29,30 |
| Â | Other (last visit, 3 last visits) | 3 | 2,7,24 |
| Â | No recall period (next visit) | 2 | 7,20 |
| Â | Not clear | 6 | 10,13,21,23,25,28 |
Recall period of the experience for providers and officials | Previous week | 1 | 31 |
| Â | 2 years | 1 | 25 |
| Â | Not clear or not applicable | 9 | 6,13,17,19,20,23,24,26,28 |