| Usual Care | ICDMS | P | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years, mean (standard deviation (SD)) | 62.9 | (11.6) | 59.4 | (13.4) | 0.01 |
Duration of diagnosed diabetes in years, mean (SD) | 13.7 | (0.9) | 12.8 | (0.8) | 0.47 |
Diabetes treatment | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.68 |
   Non-pharmacological | 5 | (4%) | 5 | (3%) |  |
   Oral hyperglycaemics | 61 | (46%) | 68 | (41%) |  |
   Oral hyperglycaemics and insulin | 41 | (31%) | 62 | (37%) |  |
   Insulin only | 25 | (19%) | 32 | (19%) |  |
Sex (male) | 93 | (64%) | 83 | (45%) | 0.001 |
Country of origin | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.30 |
   Australia | 87 | (61%) | 78 | (51%) |  |
   UK and Ireland | 13 | (9%) | 17 | (11%) |  |
   New Zealand | 9 | (6%) | 7 | (5%) |  |
   Europe | 12 | (8%) | 12 | (8%) |  |
   Asia | 9 | (6%) | 13 | (9%) |  |
   Other | 13 | (9%) | 26 | (17%) |  |
Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander | 3 | (2%) | 8 | (4%) | 0.36 |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.74 |
   Never | 55 | (42%) | 64 | (39%) |  |
   Ex-smoker | 59 | (45%) | 74 | (45%) |  |
   Current smoker | 17 | (13%) | 26 | (16%) |  |
Education level | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.51 |
   No formal qualifications | 36 | (27%) | 36 | (23%) |  |
   School/Intermediate Certificate | 25 | (19%) | 34 | (21%) |  |
   Higher School Certificate | 25 | (19%) | 40 | (25%) |  |
   Diploma or Apprenticeship | 35 | (27%) | 42 | (26%) |  |
   University Degree | 11 | (8%) | 8 | (5%) |  |
BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 31.8 | (6.3) | 33.3 | (8.3) | 0.08 |
Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 91.5 | (22.5) | 91.0 | (25.9) | 0.85 |
HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 7.9 | (1.9) | 8.5 | (1.9) | 0.001 |
HbA1c ≤ 7% | 54 | (38%) | 37 | (22%) | 0.003 |
Sitting systolic BP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 140 | (19) | 130 | (16) | <0.001 |
Sitting diastolic BP (mmHg), mean (SD) | 77 | (11) | 72 | (11) | <0.001 |
Blood Pressure ≤ 130/80 mmHg, mean | 48 | (33%) | 99 | (56%) | <0.001 |
Total Cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 4.2 | (1.1) | 4.3 | (1.1) | 0.47 |
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.1 | (0.3) | 1.1 | (0.4) | 0.69 |
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 2.5 | (2.4) | 2.4 | (0.8) | 0.50 |
LDL-cholesterol ≤ 2.5 (mmol/L) | 86 | (67%) | 96 | (63%) | 0.62 |
Triglycerides, mean (SD) | 1.9 | (1.5) | 2.3 | (4.1) | 0.37 |
Neuropathy | 73 | (56%) | 53 | (31%) | <0.001 |
Retinopathy | 53 | (41%) | 36 | (33%) | 0.28 |
Ischaemic heart disease | 38 | (34%) | 56 | (39%) | 0.51 |