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Table 2 Characteristics of patients diagnosed with diabetes in Aceh, Indonesia

From: The state of diabetes care and obstacles to better care in Aceh, Indonesia: a mixed-methods study

 

Male

Female

 
 

(N = 95)

(N = 426)

p-value

Age

    Mean (SD)

58.12 (8.92)

52.83 (10.17)

 < 0.001

Highest level of education

    Less than primary

1 (1.1%)

28 (6.6%)

 < 0.001

    Primary

21 (22.1%)

135 (31.7%)

 

    Secondary

51 (53.7%)

223 (52.3%)

 

    Post-secondary

22 (23.2%)

40 (9.4%)

 

HbA1c (mmol/l)

    Mean (SD)

85.18 (28.75)

84.47 (26.03)

0.814

Poor glycemic control (HbA1c >  = 64 mmol/l)

    No

25 (26.3%)

99 (23.2%)

0.524

    Yes

70 (73.7%)

327 (76.8%)

 

Total cholesterol (mmol/l)

    Mean (SD)

5.42 (1.45)

5.67 (1.26)

0.087

BMI

    Mean (SD)

24.99 (4.55)

25.73 (4.59)

0.151

Waist circumference in cm

    Mean (SD)

93.89 (9.99)

93.41 (10.60)

0.686

Hypertension (syst. > 130 & diast. > 80)

    Normal blood pressure

69 (72.6%)

330 (77.5%)

0.314

    High blood pressure

26 (27.4%)

96 (22.5%)

 

Cholesterol >  = 6.2 mmol

    Normal cholesterol

71 (74.7%)

283 (66.4%)

0.117

    High cholesterol

24 (25.3%)

143 (33.6%)

 

BMI categories

    Normal weight

52 (54.7%)

200 (46.9%)

0.337

    Overweight

33 (34.7%)

164 (38.5%)

 

    Obese

10 (10.5%)

62 (14.6%)

 

NCD program participation

    No

41 (43.2%)

94 (22.1%)

 < 0.001

    Prolanis

19 (20.0%)

90 (21.1%)

 

    Posbindu

35 (36.8%)

242 (56.8%)

 

High diabetes distress

    No to moderate distress

26 (27.4%)

115 (27.0%)

0.941

    High distress

69 (72.6%)

311 (73.0%)

 

Meets WHO recommended:MIC physical activity levels

    No

36 (58.1%)

189 (65.9%)

0.245

    Yes

26 (41.9%)

98 (34.1%)

 

Has diabetes complications

    No complications

14 (16.1%)

82 (21.5%)

0.367

    Rethinopathy

26 (29.9%)

121 (31.7%)

 

    Kidney disease

3 (3.4%)

6 (1.6%)

 

    Impaired wound healing

7 (8.0%)

22 (5.8%)

 

    Neurological problems

16 (18.4%)

77 (20.2%)

 

    Cardio-vascular disease

18 (20.7%)

51 (13.4%)

 

    Diabetic foot

3 (3.4%)

23 (6.0%)

 
  1. Number of observations for WHO physical activity levels was 349, for diabetes complications 469. All other variables had no missing observations