Relationship between changes in the public health nurses’ workforce and the empirical Bayes estimates of standardized mortality ratio: a longitudinal ecological study of municipalities in Japan

Table 3 Bivariate association between changes in EBSMRs and PHNs by no-intercept simple regression analysis

Variables of change (2015–2010)	All municipalities		Population < 10,000		Population ≥ 10,000
	(n = 1601)		(n = 470)		(n = 1131)
	Coef^b	P-value	Coef^b	P-value	Coef^b	P-value
EBSMRs in males^a
All causes of death	-4.42	< 0.001	-3.39	0.001	-5.30	< 0.001
Malignant neoplasms	-4.02	< 0.001	-3.86	< 0.001	-4.16	< 0.001
Heart disease in males	-3.65	0.002	-1.02	0.630	-5.88	< 0.001
Cerebrovascular disease	-11.60	< 0.001	-8.20	0.009	-14.49	< 0.001
EBSMRs in females^a
All causes of death	-2.08	< 0.001	-1.61	0.111	-2.48	< 0.001
Malignant neoplasms	-0.49	0.405	-0.39	0.739	-0.57	0.375
Heart disease	-5.06	< 0.001	-3.49	0.089	-6.40	< 0.001
Cerebrovascular disease	-10.99	< 0.001	-7.62	0.014	-13.87	< 0.001

Coef Coefficient, EBSMR Empirical Bayes estimate of standardized mortality ratio, PHN Public health nurse
^a Dependent variables
^b Coefficients of PHNs (2015–2010) per 100,000 population (logarithmic transformed)

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