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Table 2 Distribution of responses to the individual questions in the vignettes

From: Provider implicit and explicit bias in person-centered maternity care: a cross-sectional study with maternity providers in Northern Ghana

Statement

 Response

Vignette: N (%)

 

Low SES (n = 148)

High SES (n = 148)

p-value

Not likely to expect providers to introduce themselves to her

Strongly disagree

21 (14.2)

25 (16.9)

 < 0.001

Disagree

58 (39.2)

92 (62.2)

 

Agree

57 (38.5)

21 (14.2)

 

Strongly agree

12 (8.1)

10 (6.7)

 

Not likely to understand any explanations

Strongly disagree

31 (21.0)

48 (32.4)

 < 0.001

Disagree

59 (39.9)

70 (47.3)

 

Agree

35 (23.7)

25 (16.9)

 

Strongly agree

23 (15.5)

5 (3.4)

 

Has come to the facility, it means she has consented to all examinations

Strongly disagree

21 (14.2)

17 (11.5)

0.772

Disagree

57 (38.5)

56 (37.8)

 

Agree

44 (29.7)

44 (29.7)

 

Strongly agree

26 (17.6)

31 (21.0)

 

Likely to exaggerate her pain

Strongly disagree

31 (21.0)

24 (16.2)

0.004

Disagree

83 (56.1)

62 (41.9)

 

Agree

23 (15.5)

49 (33.1)

 

Strongly agree

11 (7.4)

13 (8.8)

 

Will not need a companion to stay with her

Strongly disagree

43 (29.1)

46 (31.1)

0.251

Disagree

94 (63.5)

96 (64.9)

 

Agree

7 (4.7)

6 (4.0)

 

Strongly agree

4 (2.7)

0 (0.0)

 

Provider needs to be stern for her to understand the seriousness of the situation

Strongly disagree

24 (16.2)

21 (14.2)

0.818

Disagree

57 (38.5)

60 (40.5)

 

Agree

51 (34.5)

47 (31.8)

 

Strongly agree

16 (10.8)

20 (13.5)

 

Likely going to be uncooperative when it is time to push and need to be restrained

Strongly disagree

27 (18.2)

25 (16.9)

0.277

Disagree

84 (56.8)

72 (48.6)

 

Agree

22 (14.9)

34 (23.0)

 

Strongly agree

15 (10.1)

17 (11.5)

 

Likely to sue you if something goes wrong

Strongly disagree

14 (9.5)

1 (0.7)

 < 0.001

Disagree

50 (33.8)

4 (2.7)

 

Agree

58 (39.2)

55 (37.2)

 

Strongly agree

26 (17.6)

88 (59.5)

 

Would like to be a provider for this patient

Not at all

3 (2.0)

2 (1.4)

0.046

A little

27 (18.2)

47 (31.8)

 

Very much

118 (79.7)

98 (66.2)

 
  

1 (0.7

 

Feeling connected to patient on a scale of 0 to 10. N = 149

Mean (SD)

7.7 (1.9)

7.5 (1.7)

0.246