Table 3 Average marginal effect on probability of supplementary hospital insurance (probit estimation)

Female

0.0950^***

(0.0125)

0.0590^***

(0.0116)

0.0520^***

(0.0104)

0.0374^***

(0.0106)

0.0093

(0.0096)

Age group (base: 25–29)

 30–34

0.0504^**

(0.0199)

-0.0217

(0.0242)

0.0290

(0.0197)

0.0079

(0.0259)

-0.0211

(0.0235)

 35–39

0.1185^***

(0.0220)

0.0148

(0.0248)

0.0277

(0.0188)

0.0024

(0.0252)

0.0198

(0.0242)

 40–44

0.1525^***

(0.0236)

0.0696^***

(0.0258)

0.1020^***

(0.0206)

0.0187

(0.0244)

0.0403^*

(0.0241)

 45–49

0.1897^***

(0.0249)

0.1347^***

(0.0273)

0.1153^***

(0.0221)

0.0751^***

(0.0246)

0.0086

(0.0227)

 50–54

0.2439^***

(0.0255)

0.1541^***

(0.0267)

0.1602^***

(0.0228)

0.0620^**

(0.0243)

0.0363

(0.0221)

 55–59

0.2789^***

(0.0276)

0.2153^***

(0.0281)

0.2121^***

(0.0243)

0.1108^***

(0.0256)

0.0631^***

(0.0242)

 60–64

0.2756^***

(0.0278)

0.1814^***

(0.0290)

0.2911^***

(0.0253)

0.1864^***

(0.0270)

0.1281^***

(0.0245)

 65–69

0.2179^***

(0.0305)

0.1699^***

(0.0311)

0.3004^***

(0.0286)

0.2470^***

(0.0292)

0.1999^***

(0.0276)

 70–74

0.2773^***

(0.0313)

0.1518^***

(0.0322)

0.2969^***

(0.0304)

0.2834^***

(0.0323)

0.2463^***

(0.0287)

 75–79

0.2117^***

(0.0390)

0.1718^***

(0.0358)

0.3455^***

(0.0327)

0.2666^***

(0.0361)

0.2637^***

(0.0315)

 80+

0.2001^***

(0.0391)

0.1592^***

(0.0398)

0.3743^***

(0.0347)

0.3413^***

(0.0372)

0.2763^***

(0.0331)

Non-Swiss

-0.0831^***

(0.0170)

-0.0418^**

(0.0179)

-0.0441^***

(0.0166)

0.0041

(0.0157)

0.0092

(0.0131)

Language region (base: German/Romansh)

 French

-0.0058

(0.0131)

-0.0269^**

(0.0122)

-0.0155

(0.0109)

0.0130

(0.0117)

0.0139

(0.0105)

 Italian

0.1173^***

(0.0211)

0.0742^***

(0.0193)

0.0389^**

(0.0185)

0.0219

(0.0184)

0.0502^***

(0.0173)

Rural area

-0.0595^***

(0.0125)

-0.0521^***

(0.0116)

-0.0584^***

(0.0112)

-0.0371^***

(0.0124)

-0.0579^***

(0.0105)

Married

-0.0102

(0.0137)

0.0033

(0.0124)

-0.0062

(0.0117)

-0.0114

(0.0122)

-0.0047

(0.0110)

Number of children in household (base: 0)

 1

0.0176

(0.0207)

-0.0420^**

(0.0191)

-0.0562^***

(0.0172)

-0.0152

(0.0177)

-0.0257

(0.0167)

 2

0.0022

(0.0198)

-0.0671^***

(0.0189)

-0.0286

(0.0180)

-0.0121

(0.0188)

-0.0557^***

(0.0159)

 3 or more

-0.0701^***

(0.0265)

-0.1012^***

(0.0243)

-0.0514^**

(0.0256)

-0.0419

(0.0295)

-0.0601^**

(0.0247)

Education (base: Compulsory school)

 Secondary school

0.1551^***

(0.0152)

0.1493^***

(0.0143)

0.1099^***

(0.0131)

0.0821^***

(0.0162)

0.0820^***

(0.0150)

 University degree

0.1821^***

(0.0200)

0.2081^***

(0.0195)

0.1950^***

(0.0162)

0.1555^***

(0.0184)

0.1496^***

(0.0165)

Labour market status (base: inactive)

 Unemployed

-0.1260^***

(0.0390)

-0.1203^**

(0.0475)

-0.0023

(0.0490)

-0.1306^***

(0.0384)

-0.0860^**

(0.0388)

 Employed

-0.0422^**

(0.0171)

-0.0520^***

(0.0158)

-0.0356^**

(0.0158)

-0.0384^**

(0.0169)

-0.0312^**

(0.0150)

Household income (base: 1st quintile)

 2nd quintile

0.1195^***

(0.0169)

-0.0083

(0.0159)

0.0697^***

(0.0136)

0.0685^***

(0.0138)

0.0763^***

(0.0130)

 3rd quintile

0.1909^***

(0.0173)

0.0612^***

(0.0173)

0.0997^***

(0.0140)

0.1088^***

(0.0148)

0.1438^***

(0.0143)

 4th quintile

0.2648^***

(0.0193)

0.1106^***

(0.0176)

0.1771^***

(0.0167)

0.1835^***

(0.0169)

0.1767^***

(0.0146)

 5th quintile

0.3919^***

(0.0204)

0.2718^***

(0.0192)

0.3027^***

(0.0168)

0.2981^***

(0.0180)

0.3154^***

(0.0164)

Ever smoker

-0.0047

(0.0116)

0.0101

(0.0106)

0.0119

(0.0100)

-0.0077

(0.0102)

0.0064

(0.0091)

Choice deductible higher than default

0.0699^***

(0.0117)

0.0540^***

(0.0110)

0.0349^***

(0.0107)

0.0419^***

(0.0107)

0.0522^***

(0.0097)

Standard insurance model

-0.0944^***

(0.0309)

-0.0530^**

(0.0217)

-0.0112

(0.0141)

0.0029

(0.0105)

0.0145

(0.0095)

Preference for free specialist choice important/very important

0.1319^***

(0.0128)

0.1607^***

(0.0114)

0.1496^***

(0.0103)

0.1837^***

(0.0107)

0.1868^***

(0.0097)

Observations

8,102

10,186

10,757

10,785

12,108