Health system characteristics and COVID-19 performance in high-income countries

Table 2 Description of the healthcare system financing types

Types	Current health expenditure^a	Public health expenditure^b	Private out-of-pocket health expenditure^c	Countries
Type 1	The highest level	The lowest level	Average level	Switzerland, the US
Type 2	High level	The highest level	The lowest level	Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Slovenia, Sweden, the UK
Type 3	The lowest level	Low level	The highest level	Brazil, Chile, China, Greece, Indonesia, Latvia, Lithuania, Mexico, Portugal, South Korea, Russia
Type 4	Low level	Average level	Average level	Colombia, Costa Rica, Estonia, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Poland, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Turkey

Source: [13]. Notes: a $US per head of population by using purchasing power parity; b general government health expenditure as a percentage of CHE; c household’s out-of-pocket payments as a percentage of CHE

ISSN: 1472-6963