From: Health system characteristics and COVID-19 performance in high-income countries
 | (valid obs.) | Mean | SD | Min | Max |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dependent variables | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Excess mortality rate (%, until Sep 2021), standardized | 40 | 0 | 1 | -1.4 | 3.2 |
Case fatality rate (%, in Sep 2021), standardized | 43 | 0 | 1 | -1.2 | 4.5 |
Health system financing measures | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Current health expenditure per capita (CHE), /100, standardized | 43 | 0 | 1 | -1.5 | 3.1 |
Domestic general government health expenditure as % of CHE, standardized | 43 | 0 | 1 | -2.9 | 1.3 |
Out-of-pocket expenditure % of CHE, standardized | 43 | 0 | 1 | -1.4 | 2.2 |
Healthcare system types | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Financing types | 41 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Type 2 | 19 | 46.3% | Â | Â | Â |
Type 3 | 11 | 26.8% | Â | Â | Â |
Type 4 | 11 | 26.8% | Â | Â | Â |
Provision types | 41 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Type 1 | 5 | 12.2% | Â | Â | Â |
Type 2 | 7 | 17.1% | Â | Â | Â |
Type 4 | 17 | 41.5% | Â | Â | Â |
Type 5 | 12 | 29.3% | Â | Â | Â |
Combined types | 41 | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Type 1 | 20 | 48.8% | Â | Â | Â |
Type 3 | 11 | 26.8% | Â | Â | Â |
Type 4 | 10 | 24.4% | Â | Â | Â |
Control variables | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Population: 80 years old and over % of total population, standardized | 43 | 0 | 1 | -1.9 | 2.7 |
DALYs (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) - All causes, both sexes, age-standardized, DALYs per 100 000, standardized | 43 | 0 | 1 | -1.1 | 4.8 |
GDP per capita, PPP (current international $), standardized | 43 | 0 | 1 | -1.5 | 3.6 |