The relationships between patient safety culture and sentinel events among hospitals in Saudi Arabia: a national descriptive study

Table 4 The multivariate linear regression and multivariate stepwise regression analyses (standardized β coefficients)

Model	Sentinel events (SE) Model		Patient overall safety grade (POSG) Model		Positive events reported (PER) Model
Predictors	Multivariate regression	Stepwise multivariate regression	Multivariate regression	Stepwise multivariate regression	Multivariate regression	Stepwise multivariate regression
D1: Teamwork Within Units	-0.437	-0.341*	-0.255	-0.184	0.297	0.290
D2: Supervisor/Manager Expectations and Actions Promoting Patient Safety	0.115		-0.183	-0.148	0.007
D3: Organizational Learning—Continuous Improvement	0.328	0.245	0.176	0.200	-0.267	-0.379*
D4: Management Support for Patient Safety	0.235	0.276	0.219	0.255	0.058
D5: Overall Perceptions of Patient Safety	-0.244		0.648***	0.680***	-0.284	-0.201
D6: Feedback and Communication About Error	0.101		0.054		0.430	0.368
D7: Communication Openness	-0.178		0.121		-0.187
D8: Frequency of Events Reported	-0.062		-0.039		0.351	0.438**
D9: Teamwork Across Units	0.168		0.098		-0.405
D10: Staffing	0.061		0.211	0.215*	0.011
D11: Handoffs and Transitions	-0.672*	-0.685***	0.023		0.297
D12: Nonpunitive Response to Error	0.458*	0.339*	-0.375*	-0.304*	0.224

SE Sentinel events, PER % Positive Events Reported (at least one event during the last 12 months), POSG % Patient Overall Safety Grade
Statistical significance markers: * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001

ISSN: 1472-6963