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Table 3 Association between participant characteristics and intervals – Cox proportional hazard regression analysis (multivariable/adjusted)

From: Factors influencing the timeliness of care for patients with lung cancer in Bangladesh

Interval

Factor

Adjusted Hazard Ratio

95% CI

P-value

Symptom(s) – First contact with any healthcare provider

Symptoms triggered to seek an HCP

   

One triggering symptom

Reference

  

Two triggering symptoms

1.25

1.01–1.54

0.04

Three or more triggering symptoms

1.44

1.05–1.97

0.02

First contact with any healthcare provider – Diagnosis

Highest Education Level (years)

   

Illiterate & primary education (≤ 5)

Reference

  

Secondary education (6–10)

0.98

0.74–1.29

0.86

≥Higher secondary education (≥ 11)

1.58

1.12–2.25

0.01

 

Monthly Household Income

   
 

BDT ≤ 15,000 (≤$176)

Reference

  
 

BDT 15,001–50,000 ($176–588)

1.08

0.85–1.37

0.54

 

BDT 50,001–100,000 ($588–1176)

1.95

1.38–2.77

< 0.01

 

BDT ≥ 100,001 (≥$1176)

1.72

1.13–2.61

0.01

 

Additional HCP pre-diagnosis

   
 

One healthcare provider

Reference

  
 

Two healthcare providers

0.79

0.62–1.01

0.06

 

Three or more healthcare providers

0.65

0.49–0.86

< 0.01

Symptom(s) – Diagnosis

Monthly Household Income

   
 

BDT ≤ 15,000 (≤$176)

Reference

  
 

BDT 15,001–50,000 ($176–588)

1.11

0.87–1.40

0.4

 

BDT 50,001–100,000 ($588–1176)

2.1

1.52–2.91

< 0.01

 

BDT ≥ 100,001 (≥$1176)

1.88

1.26–2.80

< 0.01

 

Additional HCP pre-diagnosis

   
 

One healthcare provider

Reference

  
 

Two healthcare providers

0.78

0.61–0.99

0.04

 

Three or more healthcare provider

0.63

0.48–0.84

< 0.01

Diagnosis – Treatment

First healthcare provider

   
 

Formal healthcare provider

Reference

  
 

Informal healthcare provider

0.77

0.63–0.94

0.01

Symptom(s) – Treatment

Monthly Household Income

   
 

BDT ≤ 15,000 (≤$176)

Reference

  
 

BDT 15,001–50,000 ($176–588)

1.09

0.86–1.37

0.68

 

BDT 50,001–100,000 ($588–1176)

2.05

1.48–2.82

< 0.01

 

BDT ≥ 100,001 (≥$1176)

1.94

1.30–2.89

< 0.01

 

Additional HCP pre-diagnosis

   
 

One healthcare provider

Reference

  
 

Two healthcare providers

0.77

0.60–0.98

0.04

 

Three or more healthcare providers

0.6

0.46–0.80

< 0.01

First Contact with any healthcare provider – Treatment

Highest Education Level (years)

   

Illiterate & primary education (≤ 5)

Reference

  

Secondary education (6–10)

0.92

0.70–1.22

0.58

≥Higher secondary education (≥ 11)

1.66

1.16–2.36

0.01

 

Monthly Household Income

   
 

BDT ≤ 15,000 (≤$176)

Reference

  
 

BDT 15,001–50,000 ($176–588)

1.05

0.82–1.33

0.7

 

BDT 50,001–100,000 ($588–1176)

1.84

1.30–2.61

< 0.01

 

BDT ≥ 100,001 (≥$1176)

1.71

1.13–2.60

0.01

 

Additional HCP pre-diagnosis

   
 

One healthcare provider

Reference

  
 

Two healthcare providers

0.79

0.62–1.01

0.06

 

Three or more healthcare providers

0.61

0.46–0.81

< 0.01

  1. * In Cox PH regression analysis, an adjusted hazard ratio, HR > 1 corresponds to a shorter time span or length of the interval. Similarly, HR < 1 indicates longer intervals
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BMC Health Services Research

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