Table 1 Implementation strategy categories to address opioid use disorder (OUD)
Category | Description | # and (%) hospitals that adopted the strategy |
|---|---|---|
Any OUD strategy | At least one strategy in any of the below categories | 307 (67.1%) |
Treatment | Programs that increase access to formal OUD treatment services, including hospital inpatient services, residential treatment programs, and medications for OUD | 124 (27.1%) |
Primary care | Programs that increase referrals to primary care and help patients establish a medical home | 132 (28.9%) |
Prescriber guidelines | Programs that aim to improve opioid prescribing practices in adherence with CDC guidelines or monitor prescribing trends | 29 (6.35%) |
Targeted risk education and harm reduction | Programs that aim to educate target populations on OUD and related topics or mitigate harm from misuse | 156 (34.1%) |
Social determinants | Programs that address upstream determinants of OUD, including socioeconomic status, physical environment, housing, food, social support, and health care access (based on typology from Kaiser Family Foundation) (Artiga & Hinton, 2018) | 32 (7.00%) |
Emergency Department services | Programs that initiate treatment which are embedded in the ED | 70 (15.3%) |
Policy advocacy | Programs that support policy change at the institutional, local, state, or federal level | 21 (4.60%) |
Community coalition building | Programs that facilitate collaboration with key stakeholders to address OUD at the community level | 115 (25.2%) |