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Table 5 Estimated effect of CBHI membership on outpatient and inpatient care utilization among CBHI members

From: The impact of community-based health insurance on health service utilization and financial risk protection in Ethiopia

Variable

Modela

Sample

CBHI members

Non-members

Difference

Estimate

95% CI

LL

UL

Number of OPD visit per capita per year

Model 1

Unmatched

1.93

1.6

0.33

  

ATT

1.95

1.59

0.36

0.25

0.44

Model 2

Unmatched

1.93

1.81

0.12

  

ATT

2.03

1.86

0.17

-0.04

0.19

Probability of treatment seeking for an illness in the last one month

Model 1

Unmatched

74.3

67.0

7.3%

  

ATT

73.3

65.2

8.1

7.9

12.0

Model 2

Unmatched

74.3

61.0

13.3

  

ATT

73.3

65.9

7.4

6.1

10.6

% of households with at least one IPD admission in the past 1 year

Model 1

Unmatched

0.061

0.08

-0.019

  

ATT

0.06

0.079

-0.019

-4.8

0.9

Model 2

Unmatched

0.061

0.057

0.004

  

ATT

0.065

0.058

0.007

-2.1

4.1

OOP health payment (direct medical spending)

Model 1

Unmatched

1610.2

2178.3

-568.1

  

ATT

1567.8

2179.9

-612.2

-1141.5

-59.4

Model 2

Unmatched

1610.2

2423.9

-813.7

  

ATT

1596.9

2834.7

-1237.8

-1675.0

-183.5

OOP non-medical spending (in birr)

Model 1

Unmatched

279.6

196.9

82.7

  

ATT

272.6

205

67.7

-27.0

173.1

Model 2

Unmatched

279.6

140.6

139

  

ATT

261

142

119

45.9

230.0

Total OOP spending (in birr)

Model 1

Unmatched

1889.8

2375.2

-485.4

  

ATT

1840.4

2384.9

-544.5

-1111.5

56.8

Model 2

Unmatched

1889.8

2564.5

-674.7

  

ATT

1857.9

2976.7

-1118.8

-1067.2

-340.2

% of households with catastrophic health expenditureb

Model 1

Unmatched

6.4

8.7

-2.3

  

ATT

6.4

9.5

-3.1

-5.98

-0.38

Model 2

Unmatched

6.4

9.9

-3.5

  

ATT

6.3

11.8

-5.5

-7.48

-0.85

% of households falling below poverty line after OOP health payment

Model 1

Unmatched

1.39

1.02

0.37

  

ATT

1.4

1.2

0.2

-0.74

1.18

Model 2

Unmatched

1.4

2.2

-0.8

  

ATT

1.3

3.1

-1.8

-3.42

0.14

Increase in poverty gap after OOP health payment

Model 1

Unmatched

0.51

0.48

0.03

  

ATT

0.51

0.62

-0.11

-0.45

0.27

Model 2

Unmatched

0.51

0.80

-0.29

  

ATT

0.54

0.85

-0.31

-0.73

0.03

  1. aComparison groups for model 1 and model 2 were non-members in CBHI and non-CBHI woredas, respectively
  2. bCatastrophic health expenditure: household’s annual direct medical cost > 10% of total expenditure
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BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

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