Table 2 Study characteristics for all included studies *two studies are missing from this table, apologies for this and need to be added in these - are Norman 1987 and cooke 2005
Author name, Year | Country | Quantitative/Qualitative | Study type | Study design | Setting and participants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Abbot 2005 [34] | England | Qualitative | Intervention | Cross-sectional | Primary care practices, practice nurses |
Akerjordet 2012 [35] | Norway | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | University hospital, nurse managers |
Albert 2015 [36] | USA | NA | NA | Program description | Midwest healthcare system, nurses |
Albert & Siedlecki 2008 [37] | United States | Qualitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Â |
Alcock 1989 [38] | Canada | Qualitative | NA | Commentary | Clinical |
Armstrong 2009 [39] | United States | NA | NA | Commentary | Clinical |
Aronson 2011 [40] | England | NA | NA | Commentary | None specific |
Axon 2012 [41] | United States | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Hospital, hospital medicine researchers |
Babl 2006 [42] | Australia New Zealand | NA | NA | Commentary | Network, Paediatric Emergency Research |
Bacigalupo 2006 [43] | England | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Primary care trust, general practice staff, PCT employed staff, social care staff |
Bailey 2006 [44] | Australia | NA | NA | Commentary | Community, Aboriginal health workers |
Bakken 2009 [45] | United States | Mixed Methods | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Ambulatory Care Network Sites, community clinicians |
Balakas 2011 [46] | United States | NA | NA | Commentary | Hospital, nurses |
Barnsteiner 2010 [47] | United States | NA | NA | Commentary | Hospital, nurses |
Beeson 2014 [48] | United States | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Community health centres, community clinicians |
Berger 2015 [49] | United States | NA | NA | Program description | Healthcare system, nurses |
Black 2016 [50] | Canada | NA | NA | Program description | Healthcare organisation, nurses and allied health professionals |
Blevins 2010 [51] | United States | Mixed methods | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Clinical Partnership Program at the Veterans Healthcare Administration |
Bogo 1992 [52] | Canada | NA | Â | Program description | Healthcare settings and university, social work faculty and healthcare staff |
Boydell 2012 [53] | Canada | Qualitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Paediatric care settings, physician researchers working in paediatrics |
Bragg 2011 [54] | United States | Quantitative | Intervention | Repeat cross sectional | Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), staff within the centres/participating in the program broadly |
Brauer 2007 [55] | Australia | NA | NA | Commentary | Physiotherapy Rehab Network, physiotherapists |
Brewer 2009 [56] | United States | NA | NA | Program description | Tertiary care hospital, nursing staff |
Brown 1994 [57] | Canada | NA | NA | Commentary | Clinical more broadly, occupational therapy |
Bryar 2003 [58] | United Kingdom | Qualitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Primary care, nurses, midwives, GPs, practice managers, health promotion specialists |
Bullock 2012 [59] | England | Qualitative | Intervention | Cross-sectional | Healthcare organisation, healthcare managers |
Bullock 2013 [60] | England | Qualitative | Intervention | Post intervention assessment | Â |
Callard 2012 [61] | England | NA | NA | Commentary | Healthcare broadly, none specific |
Castonguay 2011 [62] | United States | NA | NA | Program description | University counselling centres, counsellors |
Castonguay 2015 [63] | United States | NA | NA | Program description | Psychology training clinic, none specific |
Chan 2010 [64] | Australia | NA | NA | Program description | Clinical setting, nurse researchers |
Chapman 2005 [65] | Australia | Quantitative | Intervention | Pre-post non-controlled study | Emergency department, health campus, nursing staff |
Chassie 1990 [66] | United States | NA | NA | Program description | Hospital, nursing staff |
Chester 2007 [67] | United States | NA | NA | Commentary | None specific, nursing staff |
Cleary 2010 [68] | Australia | NA | NA | Commentary | Mental health settings more broadly, none specific |
Cluver 2014 [69] | United States | Quantitative | Intervention | Prospective | Psychiatric setting more broadly, medical students |
Cole 2014 [70] | Canada | Qualitative | Intervention | Retrospective reviews | Healthcare setting more broadly, none specific |
Cooke 2005 [71] | England | NA | NA | Cross-sectional | Research development support unit |
Cooke 2014 [72] | England | NA | NA | Program description | CLARHC South Yorkshire, none specific |
Cooke 2015 [73] | England | Quantitative | Descriptive | Program description | CLARHC North of England |
Corchon 2011 [74] | Spain | Quantitative | Intervention | Quasi-experimental | Hospital, nurses |
Currey 2011 [75] | Australia | NA | NA | Program description | Clinical, clinical nurse research consultant |
Currie 2013 [76] | United Kingdom | Qualitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Network: Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRCs), senior managers, directors, academics, healthcare practitioners |
Dawson 1998 [77] | Canada | NA | NA | Program description | Long term care facilities, none specific |
Denis 2003 [78] | Canada | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Network: Social research council, researchers and practitioners |
Devon 2013 [79] | United States | NA | NA | Program description | Emergency department, physicians, postdoctoral nurses, principal investigators |
Dickinson 2017 [80] | Australia | NA | NA | Commentary | None specific |
Downie 2001 [81] | Australia | NA | NA | Program description | Hospital and university, nursing |
Dupin 2014 [82] | France | Qualitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Teaching hospitals, nurses |
Ekeroma 2015 [83] | Pacific Islands | Quantitative | Intervention | Pre-post non-controlled study | Network: clinicians and stakeholders, obstetricians, gynaecologists, physicians, nurses, midwives |
Ekeroma 2016 [84] | New Zealand | Quantitative | Measure | Cross-sectional | Reproductive health services in Pacific countries, nurses and doctors |
Embi 2013 [85] | United States | NA | NA | Program description (proposed paradigm) | Healthcare broadly, none specific |
Engler 2014 [86] | United states | NA | NA | Program description | National Institute of Nursing/Doctoral nursing programs, nurse doctoral students |
Farmer 2002 [87] | Australia | NA | NA | Program description | Primary healthcare, GPs and primary healthcare practitioners |
Fetherstonhaugh 2008 [88] | Australia | NA | NA | Program description | Sub-acute healthcare facility, nurse students |
Finch 2013 [89] | Australia | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Public healthcare workforce, speech pathologist |
Fitzgerald 2003 [90] | United states | NA | NA | Program description (description of study) | Paediatric intensive care units, family of patients and staff nurse |
Friesen 2014 [91] | Australia | NA | NA | Cross-sectional | Primary and community health services, hospital clinicians |
Gagliardi 2009Â [92] | Canada | Qualitative | Descriptive | Protocol | Faculties of nursing and medicine, physician and non-physician health service researchers |
Gagliardi 2016Â [93] | Canada | Qualitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Healthcare delivery and healthcare monitoring organisation, researchers, clinicians, managers |
Giles 2006 [94] | Australia | NA | NA | Commentary | The Centre of Clinical Research Excellence in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health / Aboriginal health Services, Indigenous people and communities |
Gillibrand 2002 [95] | United Kingdom | NA | Descriptive | Program description | Clinical Networks for nursing research, nurse practitioners |
Govoni 1997 [96] | United States | NA | NA | Case study | Clinical settings, clinical nurse specialists and staff nurses |
Happell 2004 [97] | Australia | NA | NA | Program description | Psychiatric/mental health field, psychiatric nurses |
Happell 2005 [98] | Australia | NA | NA | Commentary | Hospitals, nurses |
Harrison 2005 [99] | United Kingdom | Qualitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Primary care trusts (PCT), staff working directly or in partnership, GPs, primary care nurses on contract to PCT |
Hauck 2015 [100] | Australia | Mixed Methods | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Hospital, graduate midwives |
Heinemann 2005 [101] | United States | NA | NA | Program description | Federal agencies, none specific |
Heintzman 2014 [102] | United States | NA | NA | Commentary | Healthcare settings/practice based research networks, community practitioners |
Henderson 2009 [103] | Australia | NA | NA | Commentary | Complex tertiary referral hospitals, nurse leaders |
Hinchcliff 2014 [104] | Australia | NA | NA | Commentary | Health services more broadly, none specific |
Hiscock 2014 [105] | Australia | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Hospitals, doctors, nurses, allied health professionals |
Hoeijmakers 2013 [106] | The Netherlands | Mixed Methods | Intervention | Prospective cohort | Academic Collaboration Centres for Public Health, students, science practitioners, management |
Holden 2012Â [107 | Australia | Quantitative | Intervention | Non-randomised matched-pair trial | Primary health care, multidisciplinary primary healthcare teams |
Holden 2012Â [108] | Australia | Quantitative | Measure | Prospective | Queensland health, allied health workers |
Holge-Hazelton 2016 [109] | Denmark | Qualitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Regional hospital, advanced nurse practitioners |
Hopps 1994 [110] | United Kingdom | NA | NA | Commentary | Nursing broadly, nurses |
Hulcombe 2014 [111] | Australia | NA | NA | Program description | Health services/public sector health services broadly, health practitioners broadly |
Hurst 2003 [112] | United Kingdom | Mixed Methods | Descriptive | cross-sectional | Health organisations, healthcare professionals |
Ishiguro 2017 [113] | Japan | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Children’s hospital, representative from hospitals |
Jackson 2007 [114] | United Kingdom | NA | NA | Commentary | Research networks, nurses in general |
Jackson 2015 [115] | Australia, UK | NA | NA | Commentary | Network, academics, consumers, clinicians, service organisations |
Jamerson 2011 [116] | USA | NA | NA | Program description | Area nursing schools, nursing students |
Jamerson 2012 [117] | United States | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Network: nursing research society, nurse research facilitators |
Janssen 2013 [118] | NZ | Mixed Methods | Intervention | Cross-sectional | Physio department of rehab hospital, physical therapists |
Jennings 2013 [119] | Australia | NA | NA | Commentary | None specific |
Johnson 2014 [120] | Australia | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Cancer services, health professionals |
Jordan 2015 [121] | United Kingdom | Qualitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | National Institute for Health CLAHRC, members of CLAHRC |
Joubert 2015 [122] | Australia | NA | NA | Commentary | Oncology social work department, social workers |
Jowett 2000 [123] | United Kingdom | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Primary care, GPs in service practice |
Keefe 1998 [124] | United States | NA | NA | Program description | Denver Collaborative Research Network, nurses |
Keenan 2000 [125] | Canada | NA | NA | Commentary | Critical care research network/healthcare broadly, healthcare workers |
Koerner 2014 [126] | United States | NA | NA | Program description | Network: collaborative projects with practitioners and researchers, clinicians and researchers |
Kuehnle 2009 [127] | Switzerland | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Swiss national MD-PhD program, former and current students |
Lach 1980 [128] | United States | NA | NA | Commentary | College health, students |
Ledley 1993 [129] | United States | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Children’s hospital, Paediatrician residents |
Legris 2000 [130] | Canada | Quantitative | Descriptive | Retrospective study | Clinical in-patient units, Multidisciplinary practitioners |
Lester 1998 [131] | United Kingdom | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | UK departments of general practice, practitioners |
Long 2014 [132] | Australia | Mixed Methods | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Translational research networks (TRNs), members |
Loomis 1980 [133] | USA | NA | NA | Program description | Network: collaborative research program, nurse researchers and nurse clinicians |
MacPhee 2009 [134] | Canada | NA | NA | Program description (describing a model) | Large urban community hospital and nursing facility of a local university, first line nurse leaders and educators |
Mainous 1995 [135] | United States | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | General or family practice, general internal medicine or paediatrics, primary care physicians |
Mays 2013 [136] | United States | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Practice based research networks, representatives of public health organisations |
McAleavey 2015 [137] | United States | NA | NA | Commentary | University and college counselling centres, counsellors, administrators and researchers |
McIntyre 2011 [138] | Australia | Mixed Methods | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Academic departments of general practice and rural health |
McKee 2017 [139] | Ireland | Mixed Methods | Intervention | Cross-sectional (post intervention only) | Acute urban hospital, advanced nursing staff, nurse researchers and academic partners |
McWilliam 1997 [140] | Canada | NA | NA | Program description | Network: research partnership |
Miller 2009 [141] | Canada | NA | NA | Program description | Health Authority, organisation members of health |
Misso 2016 [142] | Australia | Mixed Methods | Intervention | Protocol | Clinical setting, health professionals |
Mitchell 2015 [143] | United Kingdom | NA | NA | Commentary | University College London Hospitals, nurses and midwives |
Moore 1997 [144] | United Kingdom | NA | NA | Commentary | Clinical settings, physiotherapists |
Morris 2017 [145] | United Kingdom | Mixed Methods | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Mental health services, occupational therapists |
Mortenius 2015 [146] | Sweden | Qualitative | Descriptive | Prospective | Child care centre, primary care staff |
Murphy 2015 [147] | United States | NA | NA | Commentary | Healthcare broadly, doctor of nursing practice-prepared and doctor of nursing philosophy-prepared nurses, students and faculty |
Naik 2015 [148] | United States | Qualitative | Intervention | Cross-sectional | Primary care settings, health services research team, primary care community and US VA health system |
Nelson 2007 [149] | United States | NA | NA | Commentary | Clinical practice settings, clinical nurse specialist |
Nichols 1997 [150] | United Kingdom | NA | NA | Commentary | Healthcare settings, none specific |
Norton 2011 [151] | England | Qualitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Local Research Network, chief pharmacists |
Norman 1987 [152] | United States | NA | NA | Commentary | Nurses |
Nutting 1996 [153] | United States | NA | NA | Commentary | Primary care practice/practice based research networks, family physicians |
Pager 2012 [154] | Australia | Qualitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Queensland Health, allied health professionals |
Paget 2014 [155] | Australia | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Tertiary children’s hospital, doctors, nurses and allied health professionals |
Paget 2017 [156] | Australia | Qualitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Tertiary children’s hospital, paediatric clinicians |
Perron 2016 [157] | Canada | Quantitative | Intervention | Post intervention assessment | Rehabilitation research network, paramedic clinicians |
Pikethly 2003 [158] | United Kingdom | NA | NA | Program description | Primary care research and development network/primary care, clinical staff |
Pomeroy 2003 [159] | United Kingdom | Mixed Methods | Intervention | Cross-sectional | Stroke association therapy network unit, clinicians |
Queensland Health 2016 [160] | Australia | Qualitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Queensland Health sites, clinicians, team leaders, professional heads |
Rait 2002 [161] | United Kingdom | Mixed Methods | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | NHS organisations, NHS staff |
Reay 2013 [162] | United Kingdom | NA | NA | Program description (model) | None specific |
Redman-MacLaren 2010 [163] | Soloman Islands (reporting)/Australia (written) | Mixed Methods | Intervention | Cross-sectional | Adventist hospital, health professionals |
Reijneveld 2009 [164] | Netherlands | NA | NA | Commentary | Public health practice |
Rickels 1977 [165] | United States | NA | NA | Commentary | Family practice, private practice research group |
Ried 2005 [166] | Australia | NA | NA | Commentary | Primary health care, practitioners |
Rosenberg 1999 [167] | United States | NA | NA | Commentary | Physician scientists |
Sahs 2016 [168] | United States | Qualitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Hospital based outpatient clinic, clinicians and administrators |
Schwartz 1987 [169] | England | NA | NA | Commentary | None specific, academic pharmacists |
Short 2010 [170] | Australia | NA | NA | Commentary | Clinical setting broadly, emergency department |
Short 2009 [171] | Australia | Mixed Methods | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Hospital, doctors, nurses and allied health professionals |
Skinner 2014 [172] | Australia | NA | NA | Commentary | Tertiary hospital, physiotherapists |
Smolowitz 1997 [173] | United States | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | Acute care facilities, nursing schools, staff |
Soper 2015 [174] | United Kingdom | Mixed Methods | Intervention | Prospective cohort | Partnership between universities and local NHS organisations, none specific |
Stiller 2016 [175] | Australia | Quantitative | Descriptive | Cross sectional | Â NA |
Stockton 2010 [176] | USA | NA | NA | Commentary | Clinical, psychotherapists |
Tanner 2002 [177] | United Kingdom | Mixed Methods | Descriptive | Cross-sectional | NHS Trust, research active clinical nurses |
Teal 2012 [178] | United States | Qualitative | Measure | Cross-sectional | Community practice, physicians, administration and support staff |
The Academy of Medical Sciences [179] | United States | NA | NA | Commentary | None specific |
Tierney 1991 [180] | Scotland | Mixed Methods | Descriptive | Prospective cohort | Nurses and University Nursing Research Unit, nurses |
Walshe 2013 [181] | England | NA | NA | Commentary | Health research broadly, none specific |
Willson 2010 [182] | USA | NA | NA | Program description | Network: Collaborative Paediatric Critical Care Research Network, physicians and researchers |
Wolfenden 2017 [183] | Australia | NA | NA | Program description | Population Health, researchers and health service staff |
Woolf 2008 [184] | USA | NA | NA | Commentary | NA |
Yawn 2002 [185] | United States | NA | NA | Commentary | Family medicine |