Variable | PLOS (n = 74) | NLOS (n = 312) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, in years, mean (SD) | 52.74 (14.14) | 51.69 (14.85) | 0.58a |
Female, n (%) | 27 (57.55%) | 130 (41.67%) | 0.42b |
Employment status (N = 362)c | 0.43b | ||
Unemployed, n (%) | 51 (71.83%) | 195 (67.01%) | |
Smoking status (N = 382)c | 0.87d | ||
Never, n (%) | 39 (52.70%) | 153 (52.70%) | |
Previous, n (%) | 16 (21.62%) | 76 (24.68%) | |
Current, n (%) | 19 (25.68%) | 79 (25.65%) | |
Level of alcohol consumption (N = 388)c | 0.09d | ||
Never, n (%) | 48 (71.64%) | 246 (86.01%) | |
Occasional, n (%) | 13 (19.40%) | 26 (9.09%) | |
Heavy, n (%) | 6 (8.96%) | 14 (4.90%) | |
Functional status (N = 359)c | 0.02d | ||
Independent, n (%) | 48 (71.64%) | 252 (86.30%) | |
Partially Dependent, n (%) | 13 (19.40%) | 26 (8.90%) | |
Totally Dependent, n (%) | 6 (8.96%) | 14 (4.79%) | |
Number of comorbidities, median (IQR) | 1 (2) | 1 (2) | 0.66e |
Comorbidities | |||
Hypertension, n (%) | 27 (36.49%) | 122 (39.10%) | 0.68b |
Diabetes, n (%) | 4 (5.41%) | 15 (4.72%) | 0.76d |
Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 3 (4.05%) | 10 (3.21%) | 0.72d |
Heart failure, n (%) | 4 (5.41%) | 23 (7.37%) | 0.55b |
Bronchial asthma, n (%) | 4 (5.41%) | 14 (4.49%) | 0.75d |
Thyroid disease, n (%) | 4 (5.41%) | 3 (0.96%) | 0.03d |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 12 (16.22%) | 39 (12.50%) | 0.40b |
Malignancy/cancer, n (%) | 11 (14.86%) | 39 (12.50%) | 0.59b |
Charlson Comorbidity Index, median (IQR) | 3 (3) | 3 (3) | 0.71e |
Emergency admission, n (%) | 64 (86.49%) | 283 (90.71%) | 0.28b |
Need for intravenous antibiotics, n (%) | 61 (82.43%) | 159 (50.96%) | < 0.001b |
Duration of antibiotics, in days, median (IQR) | 12.5 (17) | 1 (6) | < 0.001e |
Duration of ER stay, in hours | 36.13 (47) | 37.75 (45.88) | 0.73e |
Duration of ICU stay, in hours, median (IQR) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.03e |
Need for invasive ventilation, n (%) | 16 (21.62%) | 39 (12.50%) | 0.04b |
Duration of invasive ventilation, in days, median (IQR) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.01e |
Need for non-invasive ventilation, n (%) | 26 (35.14%) | 55 (17.63%) | 0.001b |
Duration of non-invasive ventilation, in days, median (IQR) | 0 (3) | 0 (0) | 0.0001e |
Performance of procedure, n (%) | 19 (25.68%) | 81 (25.96%) | 0.96b |
Thoracentesis | 7 (9.46%) | 4 (1.28%) | 0.001d |
Central venous catheter insertion | 8 (10.81%) | 14 (4.49%) | 0.048d |
Performance of surgery, n (%) | 24 (32.43%) | 21 (6.73%) | < 0.001b |
Underwent non-cardiac surgery, n (%) | 23 (95.83%) | 16 (76.19%) | 0.08d |
Surgical risk of non-cardiac surgeries, n (%) | 0.03d | ||
Low risk | 1 (4.35%) | 5 (31.25%) | |
Intermediate risk | 22 (95.65%) | 11 (68.75%) | |
Need for blood transfusion, n (%) | 41 (55.41%) | 99 (31.13%) | < 0.001b |
In-hospital complications, n (%) | 30 (40.54%) | 56 (17.95%) | < 0.001b |
Healthcare associated infections | 21 (28.38%) | 25 (8.01%) | < 0.001b |
Respiratory complications | 11 (14.86%) | 13 (4.17%) | 0.001b |
Adverse drug events/adverse drug reactions | 5 (6.76%) | 5 (1.60%) | 0.03d |
Development of healthcare associated infections, n (%) | 20 (27.03%) | 25 (8.01%) | < 0.001b |
Central line-associated bloodstream infection/catheter-related bloodstream infection | 1 (1.35%) | 0 | 0.19d |
Hospital-acquired pneumonia | 18 (24.32%) | 24 (7.69%) | < 0.001d |
Ventilator-associated pneumonia | 5 (6.76%) | 1 (0.32%) | 0.001d |
Number of comanaging services, n (%) | 5 (3) | 2 (3) | < 0.001e |
Length of stay, in days, median (IQR) | |||
Overall | 19 (19.5) | 6 (6) | < 0.001e |
Emergency admissions only | 20.5 (8) | 6 (5) | < 0.001e |
Elective admissions only | 3.5 (3) | 2 (0) | < 0.001e |
Length of stay, in days, mean difference (95% CI) | |||
Emergency admissions only | 18 (95% CI 16.19, 19.85) | - | |
Elective admissions only | 8 (95% CI 1.67, 14.42) | - |