Model Design | N, % (N = 17 studies) |
Model type | |
 Markov | 7, 41% |
 Microsimulation | 7, 41% |
 Agent-based | 1, 6% |
 Hybrid Markov and decision tree | 2, 12% |
Parameter uncertainty | |
 One-way | 4, 24% |
 Multiway | 1, 6% |
 PSAa | 4, 24% |
 Multiple strategies | 7, 41% |
 Not reported | 1, 6% |
Intervention(s) | |
 Fiscal policy | 3, 18% |
 Screening | 5, 29% |
 Health system operations | 2, 12% |
 Patient education | 3, 18% |
  Not specificb | 4, 24% |
Validation | |
 Reported | 6, 35% |
 Not reported | 11, 64% |
Economic evaluation | N, % (N = 11 studies) |
Outcomes | |
 Benefits only | 4, 24% |
 Cost only | 2, 12% |
 Cost and benefit | 11, 65% |
Perspectives | |
 Societal | 5, 45% |
 Health system/provider | 4, 36% |
 Both | 2, 18% |
Time horizonc | |
  > =25 years | 6, 55% |
 26–50 years | 4, 36% |
 Lifetime | 1, 9% |
Discountc | |
 Cost only | 2, 18% |
 Effect only | 0, 0% |
 Both cost and effect | 9, 81% |