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Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

From: Patient safety measurement tools used in nursing homes: a systematic literature review

No

Ref. No

Author/year

Country

Sample size

Study design

Population

Tools

CCAT score

1

[11]

Yount, Zebrak, Famolaro, Sorra and Birch, 2020

US

15,726

Quantitative

Providers and staffs

NHSPSC

39 (98%)

2

[12]

Li et al., 2019

US

818

Quantitative

Administrators, directors of nursing, and unit leaders

NHSPSC

37 (93%)

3

[13]

Smith et al., 2018

US

196

Quantitative

Facility staffs

NHSPSC

39 (98%)

4

[15]

Temkin-Greener et al., 2020

US

818

Quantitative

Facility administrators, directors of nursing, and unit nursing leaders

NHSPSC

39 (98%)

5

[16]

Bondevik et al., 2017

Norway

463

Quantitative

Healthcare providers

SAQ-AV

38 (95%)

6

[21]

Bonner, Castle, Men and Handler, 2009

US

1579

Quantitative

CNAs

HSOPSC

40 (100%)

7

[22]

Castle and Sonon, 2006

US

2717

Quantitative

Administrators

HSOPSC

40 (100%)

8

[25]

Laura M Wagner, Brush, Castle, Engberg and Capezut, 2020

US

1133

Quantitative

RNs and licensed practical/vocational nurses

NHSPSC

38 (95%)

9

[26]

Teigne et al., 2019

France

2020

Quantitative

All salaried professionals

NHSPSC

40 (100%)

10

[27]

Castle, Wagner, Perera, Ferguson and Handler, 2010

US

3698

Quantitative

Administrator/manager, licensed nurse, nurse aide, direct care staff, and support staff

NHSPSC

39 (98%)

11

[28]

Castle, Wagner, Perera, Ferguson and Handler, 2009

US

112,319

Quantitative

Staffs

NHSPSC

39 (98%)

12

[29]

Orth, Li, Simning, Zimmerman and Temkin-Greener, 2020

US

11,957

Quantitative

Residents with dementia

NHSPSC

39 (98%)

13

[30]

Seljemo, Viksveen and Ree, 2020

Norway

165

Quantitative

Staff members

NHSPSC

39 (98%)

14

[31]

Ree and Wiig, 2019

Norway

304

Quantitative

Healthcare professionals

HSOPSC

38 (95%)

15

[32]

He et al., 2020

China

549

Quantitative

Staff members

HSOPSC

39 (98%)

16

[33]

Arnetz et al., 2011

US

312

Quantitative

Staff members

HSOPSC

38 (95%)

17

[34]

Castle, 2006

US

1579

Quantitative

Nurse aides

HSOPSC

39 (98%)

18

[35]

Wagner, Capezuti and Rice, 2009

US

551

Quantitative

Licensed nurses

HSOPSC

38 (95%)

19

[36]

Castle et al., 2007

US

2840

Quantitative

Administrators

HSOPSC

39 (98%)

20

[37]

Handler et al., 2016

US

151

Quantitative

Doctors, pharmacists, advanced practitioners, and nurses

HSOPSC

39 (98%)

21

[38]

Wisniewski et al., 2007

US

51

Quantitative

All nursing and allied health care staff

SAQ-SNF

38 (95%)

22

[39]

Deilkas, Hofoss, Husebo and Bondevik, 2019

Norway

288

Quantitative

RNs, nursing assistants, and health workers

SAQ -A

36 (90%)

23

[40]

Gunnar Tschudi Bondevik, Hofoss, Husebø and Deilkås, 2019

Norway

266

Quantitative

RNs and medical doctors

SAQ

38 (95%)

24

[41]

Buljac-Samardzic et al., 2006

Netherlands

521

Quantitative

Employees who provide direct care

SAQ

37 (93%)

25

[42]

Halligan, Zecevic, Kothari, Salmoni and Orchard, 2014

Canada

Focus groups:7, Surveys: 21

Mixed methods

All frontline staff on the unit and management team

MSI

-

  1. AHRQ Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, CCAT Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool, CNA Certified nursing assistant, HSOPSC Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, MSI Modified Stanford Patient Safety Culture Survey Instrument, NH Nursing home, NHSPSC Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture, RN Registered nurse, SAQ Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, SAQ-AV Ambulatory Version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, SAQ-SNF Safety Attitudes Questionnaire in a Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF)