Skip to main content

Table 2 The regression results of accessibility and availability of PHC

From: Equality and social determinants of spatial accessibility, availability, and affordability to primary health care in Hong Kong, a descriptive study from the perspective of spatial analysis

Variable

Accessibility to PHC

Availability of PHC

OLS

SLM

SEM

SARAR

OLS

SLM

SEM

SARAR

Constant

6.20 **

3.47

7.66 ***

5.01 *

1.21 **

-0.1

1.19 ***

0.12

(2.24)

(1.98)

(2.22)

(2.40)

(0.42)

(0.24)

(0.28)

(0.29)

Aged 65 and over (X1)

-12.13 *

-8.62 *

-3.47

-5.57

0.52

0.76

0.43

0.65

(4.97)

(4.38)

(4.55)

(4.51)

(0.93)

(0.52)

(0.53)

(0.55)

Born in HK (X2)

-3.77

-2.55

-3.14

-2.88

1.57 ***

0.4

0.45

0.54

(2.43)

(2.15)

(2.51)

(2.38)

(0.46)

(0.26)

(0.31)

(0.29)

Primary education (X3)

-1.23

-1.52

-6.23

-4.42

1.06

0.23

0.32

0.2

(5.39)

(4.75)

(4.88)

(4.86)

(1.01)

(0.57)

(0.57)

(0.60)

Post-secondary education (X4)

-18.02 ***

-14.76 ***

-14.03 ***

-14.57 ***

1.89 **

1.18 **

0.95 *

1.06 *

(3.64)

(3.21)

(3.48)

(3.39)

(0.68)

(0.38)

(0.41)

(0.42)

Low household income (X5)

15.76 ***

12.63 ***

12.13 ***

12.67 ***

-1.44 *

-0.28

0.03

-0.13

(3.89)

(3.44)

(3.51)

(3.51)

(0.73)

(0.41)

(0.41)

(0.43)

High household income (X6)

21.63 ***

16.56 ***

14.18 ***

15.34 ***

-3.61 ***

-1.23 ***

-0.52

-1.01 **

(3.23)

(2.85)

(2.95)

(2.94)

(0.61)

(0.34)

(0.34)

(0.36)

Owner-occupier household (X7)

-0.57

-0.2

0.22

0.1

0.35

0

-0.13

-0.07

(1.14)

(1.00)

(1.02)

(1.02)

(0.21)

(0.12)

(0.12)

(0.13)

Household rent to income (X8)

1.45

0.19

-1.12

-0.72

-1.37 **

-0.19

-0.34

-0.3

(2.38)

(2.10)

(2.23)

(2.21)

(0.45)

(0.25)

(0.26)

(0.27)

ρ

 

0.54 ***

 

0.37 *

 

0.79 ***

 

0.66 ***

 

(0.02)

 

(0.19)

 

(0.01)

 

(0.08)

λ

  

0.54 ***

0.33

  

0.80 ***

0.33 **

  

(0.02)

(0.20)

  

(0.01)

(0.12)

R^2

0.05

0.29

0.30

0.29

0.04

0.71

0.71

0.70

AIC

 

11269.51

11282.26

11233.44

 

4589.12

4598.45

4573.5

BIC

 

11339.6

11352.35

11308.92

 

4659.21

4668.54

4648.98

Deviance

90234.99

90876.11

89681.86

 

1289.34

1292.94

1350.14

Log Likelihood

-5621.76

-5628.13

-5602.72

 

-2281.56

-2286.22

-2272.75

LMlag

243.0***

   

1791.8***

  

RLMlag

18.7***

   

51.6***

  

LMerr

 

226.1***

   

1823.0***

 

RLMerr

 

1.8

   

82.8

 
  1. Note: *** p < 0.001; ** p <0.01; * p <0.05
  2. PHC Primary health care, OLS indicates the ordinary least squares regression method, SLM indicates the spatial lag model, SEM indicates the spatial error model; SARAR indicates the spatial autoregressive with additional autoregressive error structure model