Skip to main content

Table 3 Factors Associated with Informal Direct Care Time (Model 1) and Informal Leisure Time (Model 2)

From: Factors associated with formal and informal resource utilization in nursing home patients with and without dementia: cross-sectional analyses from the COSMOS trial

 

Model 1

Informal direct care timea

Model 2

Informal leisure timeb

Logit OR

(95% CI)

GLM b

(95% CI)

Combined

marginal

effect (95% CI)

Logit OR

(95%CI)

GLM b

(95%CI)

Combined

marginal effect

(95% CI)

Age

.98

(.96; 1.00)

.00

(−.04; .04)

−.03

(−.16; .10)

1.05

(.99; 1.09)

.01

(−.02; .04)

.04

(−.03; .12)

Gender, (ref = male)

.82

(.47; 1.44)

.20

(−.39; .80)

.28

(− 1.78; 2.34)

.60

(.14; 2.56)

.15

(−.43; .73)

.11

(− 1.3; 1.53)

Married, (ref = not married/widowed)

1.29

(.73; 2.29)

.95

(.33; 1.57)*

4.33

(.54; 8.11)*

2.10

(.49; 9.00)

.46

(.10; .81)*

1.6

(.14; 3.01)*

Clinical variables

 MMSEc

1.00

(.95; 1.06)

−.06

(−.11; −.02)*

−.20

(−.43; .04)

.95

(.89; 1.01)

.03

(−.01; .07)

.05

(−.05; .15)

 PSMSd

.99

(.93; 1.05)

−.07

(−.13; −.01)*

−.24

(−.55; .08)

.95

(.87; 1.03)

.05

(.02; .08)*

.09

(.01; .18)*

NPI-NHe

 Mood

.99

(.97; 1.02)

−.02

(−.04; .00)

−.07

(−.17; .02)

.99

(.93; 1.05)

−.01

(−.05; .02)

−.03

(−.12; .06)

 Agitation

1.02

(.99; 1.06)

−.00

(−.03; .02)

.04

(−.07; .15)

1.08

(.99; 1.18)

.03

(.00; .07)*

.12

(.04; .20)*

 Psychosis

   

.93

(.79; 1.09)

−.02

(−.09; .04)

−.09

(−.26; .08)

 Polypharmacyf

.73

(.39; 1.35)

1.01

(.17; 1.84)*

2.09

(−.14; 4.32)

   

 Psychotropic medication use, regular, (ref = no)

   

1.36

(.65; 2.87)

.31

(−.09; .70)

.80

(−.06; 1.66)

Organizational variables

 No. of beds in the ward

1.00

(.96; 1.04)

−.00

(−.04; .03)

−.01

(−.14; .12)

1.02

(.92; 1.12)

−.05

(−.06; −.03)*

−.09

(−.15; −.04)*

 Staff ratio

.72

(.47; 1.10)

−.02

(−.44; .41)

−.69

(− 2.26; .87)

.94

(.65; 1.36)

−.34

(−.58; −.09)*

−0.81

(− 1.40; −.24)*

 Goodness of fit p-value

.31

  

.19

  

 N

388

141

 

64

159

 
  1. Table legend: *p < .05; CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio, GLM generalized linear regression
  2. aDirect care time provided in ADL (e.g., toileting, personal hygiene, and meal situations), IADL (e.g., taking medicine, out-patient visits), and supervision (e.g., preventing dangerous events, guiding)
  3. bTime registered in social activities, physical activities, and mental activities
  4. cMMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; a lower score indicates greater cognitive impairment, and a score ≤ 20 is characteristic for dementia
  5. dPSMS – Physical Self-Maintenance Scale [range 0–30]; a higher score indicates lower functional capacity
  6. eNeuropsychiatric Inventory – Nursing Home Version. Mood cluster (depression, anxiety, apathy, sleep, and appetite), agitation cluster (agitation, disinhibitions, irritability, and aberrant motor behavior), and psychosis cluster (hallucinations and delusions). Higher scores indicate more neuropsychiatric symptoms
  7. fFive or more drugs regularly
Back to article page

BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

Contact us