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Table 3 Decomposition for Probability of Being Exposed to Catastrophic Out-of-Pocket Health Care Spending of the United States and South Korea

From: Comparison of catastrophic out-of-pocket medical expenditure among older adults in the United States and South Korea: what affects the apparent difference?

 

Logistic Regression Estimates

Decomposition Estimates

   

Without Health & Behavioral Variables

With Health & Behavioral Variables

OR

SE

ρ

Absolute Difference

Relative Proportion

Absolute Difference

Relative Proportion

South Korea

0.327

0.042

 < 0.001

    

Age

   

0.000

0.027

0.000

0.018

 65–74 (ref)

   

0.000

 

0.000

 

 75–84

1.37

0.143

0.003

0.000

 

0.000

 

 85 + 

2.295

0.274

 < 0.001

0.000

 

0.000

 

Gender (female)

1.172

0.121

0.124

0.000

0.037

0.000

0.012

Education

   

0.010

2.802

0.012

3.318

 Less than high school (ref)

   

0.014

 

0.016

 

 High school graduate

1.257

0.140

0.0398

-0.004

 

-0.004

 

 College and above

1.581

0.191

 < 0.001

0.000

 

0.000

 

Marital Status

   

0.001

0.153

0.001

0.155

 Married (ref)

   

0.001

 

0.001

 

 Not married

1.460

0.148

 < 0.001

0.000

 

0.000

 

Number of living children

0.963

0.020

0.064

0.000

0.024

0.000

0.021

Income Quartiles

   

-0.008

-2.038

-0.007

-1.931

 25% (ref)

   

-0.008

 

-0.007

 

 50%

0.363

0.037

 < 0.001

0.000

 

0.000

 

 75%

0.117

0.022

 < 0.001

0.000

 

0.000

 

 100%

0.043

0.016

 < 0.001

0.000

 

0.000

 

Self-rated Health

     

-0.011

-3.076

Excellent (ref)

     

-0.003

 

Very good

1.145

0.374

0.678

  

0.000

 

Good

1.817

0.564

0.054

  

-0.001

 

Fair

3.377

1.037

 < 0.001

  

0.000

 

Poor

5.964

1.861

 < 0.001

  

-0.007

 

BMI

0.985

0.008

0.059

  

0.011

2.901

Smoking history

1.088

0.099

0.355

  

-0.002

-0.414

Total explained

   

0.004

 

0.004

 

Unexplained*

   

0.023

 

0.023

 

Total difference*

   

0.027

1.000

0.026

1.000

R Squared

  

0.1750

    
  1. Absolute differences were obtained from coefficients of endowments of each covariate which estimate how between-country difference in each covariate accounted for the overall difference in exposure to catastrophic out-of-pocket medical expenditures between the two countries
  2. * ρ < 0.001