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Table 1 Descriptive Statistics of Respondent Age 65 and Older

From: Comparison of catastrophic out-of-pocket medical expenditure among older adults in the United States and South Korea: what affects the apparent difference?

 

United States

South Korea

ρ

N

9,909

4,450

 

Age (mean, %)

75.96

75.67

0.031*

0.007**

 65–74

45.17

46.94

 

 75–84

40.12

40.25

 

 85 + 

14.71

12.81

 

Gender (%)

  

0.041

 Female

59.4

57.58

 

Education (%)

  

 < 0.001

 Less than high school

19.29

72.43

 

 High school graduate

34.62

20.22

 

 College and above

46.09

7.35

 

Marital Status (%)

  

 < 0.001

 Married or living with a partner

57.65

68.67

 

 Not Married

42.35

31.33

 

Number of living children (mean)

3.24

3.28

 

Disease (%)

   

 High Blood Pressure

71.13

53.67

 < 0.001

 Diabetes

30.36

24.16

 < 0.001

 Cancer

21.58

7.31

 < 0.001

 Lung disease

12.76

4.31

 < 0.001

 Heart problem

34.05

12.54

 < 0.001

 Stroke

12.79

8.16

 < 0.001

 Psychiatric problem

20.67

5.75

 < 0.001

 Arthritis

71.96

34.63

 < 0.001

Self-rated Health (%)

  

 < 0.001

 Excellent

6.72

0.13

 

 Very good

26.82

3.30

 

 Good

34.65

25.91

 

 Fair

23.32

41.33

 

 Poor

8.48

29.33

 

BMI (mean)

27.93

23.18

 < 0.001

Smoking history (%)

55.02

30.45

 < 0.001

Have supplemental health insurance (%)

41.31

16.74

 < 0.001

  1. *ρ value for two-sample t tests for means
  2. **ρ value for Pearson’s chi-squared tests for proportions