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Table 2 Coverage of EENC core interventions in four provinces according to endline survey (N = 1298)

From: Effectiveness of early essential newborn care implementation in four counties of western China

 

Total (N = 1298)

Guizhou Province (n = 421)

Qinghai Province (n = 280)

Intervention (n = 599)

Control (n = 699)

t/χ2

P

Intervention (n = 150)

Control (n = 271)

t/χ2

P

Intervention (n = 137)

Control (n = 143)

SSC

  

463.344#

 < 0.001

  

368.234

 < 0.001

  

 Any SSC

596 (99.50)

343 (49.07)

  

149 (99.33)

12 (4.43)

  

137 (100.00)

61 (42.66)

 Time of SSC initiation post birth (min)

  

331.742#

 < 0.001

  

—

 < 0.001*

  

   < 1

507 (85.07)

75 (21.87)

  

138 (92.62)

0 (0.00)

  

88 (64.23)

60 (98.36)

  1 ~ 10

89 (14.93)

211 (61.52)

11 (7.38)

5 (41.67)

49 (35.77)

0 (0.00)

  11 ~ 59

0 (0.00)

36 (10.50)

0 (0.00)

5 (41.67)

0 (0.00)

1 (1.64)

  ≥ 60

0 (0.00)

21 (6.12)

0 (0.00)

2 (16.67)

0 (0.00)

0 (0.00)

 SSC duration (min)

  

535.143#

 < .0001

  

—

 < 0.001*

  

   < 10

15 (2.52)

136 (39.65)

  

2 (1.34)

7 (58.33)

  

3 (2.19)

24 (39.34)

  10 ~ 

51 (8.56)

132 (38.48)

0 (0.00)

2 (16.67)

23 (16.79)

29 (47.54)

  30 ~ 

40 (6.71)

70 (20.41)

9 (6.04)

3 (25.00)

2 (1.46)

7 (11.48)

  60 ~ 

25 (4.19)

3 (0.87)

3 (2.01)

0 (0.00)

1 (0.73)

0 (0.00)

   ≥ 90

465 (78.02)

2 (0.58)

135 (90.60)

0 (0.00)

108 (78.83)

1 (1.64)

Breastfeeding

 Successful first-time breastfeeding with provision of SSC

523 (87.75)

270 (78.72)

2.381#

0.123

147 (98.66)

5 (41.67)

—

 < 0.001*

133 (97.08)

61 (100.00)

 Any breastfeeding

579 (96.66)

641 (91.70)

12.823#

 < 0.001

149 (99.33)

238 (87.82)

17.232

 < 0.001

135 (98.54)

140 (97.90)

 Initiation (min)

  

25.898#

 < 0.001

  

34.615

 < 0.001

  

   ≤ 60

526 (90.84)

515 (80.35)

  

146 (97.99)

180 (75.63)

  

134 (99.26)

105 (75.00)

  61 ~ 90

32 (5.53)

67 (10.45)

0 (0.00)

10 (4.20)

1 (0.74)

30 (21.43)

  > 90

21 (3.63)

59 (9.20)

3 (2.01)

48 (20.17)

0 (0.00)

5 (3.57)

 Duration (min)

  

47.046#

 < 0.001

  

47.243

 < 0.001

  

   < 10

80 (13.82)

62 (9.67)

  

6 (4.03)

27 (11.34)

  

62 (45.93)

17 (12.14)

  10 ~ 

178 (30.74)

221 (34.48)

47 (31.54)

79 (33.19)

71 (52.59)

32 (22.86)

  20 ~ 

73 (12.61)

172 (26.83)

19 (12.75)

81 (34.03)

0 (0.00)

55 (39.29)

  30 ~ 

248 (42.83)

186 (29.02)

77 (51.68)

51 (21.43)

2 (1.48)

36 (25.71)

 Exclusive breastfeeding

536(92.57)

409(63.80)

131.476#

 < 0.001

142 (95.30)

96 (40.34)

116.922

 < 0.001

133 (98.52)

112 (80.00)

No applied medicine to the umbilical cord

590 (98.50)

68 (9.73)

1042.438#

 < 0.001

147 (98.00)

1 (0.37)

403.733

 < 0.001

134 (97.81)

65 (45.45)

Routine eye care

558(93.16)

61(8.73)

965.278#

 < 0.001

150 (100.00)

0 (0.00)

421.000

 < 0.001

135(98.54)

59(41.26)

Intramuscular injection of vitamin K1

589(98.33)

622(88.98)

71.015#

 < 0.001

149(99.33)

270 (99.63)

0.000§

1.000

137 (100.00)

142 (99.30)

 

Qinghai Province (n = 280)

Sichuan Province (n = 282)

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (n = 315)

 

t/χ2

P

Intervention (n = 152)

Control (n = 130)

t/χ2

P

Intervention (n = 160)

Control (n = 155)

t/χ2

P

SSC

111.094

 < 0.001

  

8.959§

0.003

  

4.208§

0.040

 Any SSC

  

151 (99.34)

121 (93.08)

  

159 (99.38)

149 (96.13)

  

 Time of SSC initiation post birth (min)

—

—

  

—

 < 0.001*

  

244.389§

 < 0.001

   < 1

  

132 (87.42)

8 (6.61)

  

149 (93.71)

7 (4.70)

  

  1 ~ 10

19 (12.58)

91 (75.21)

10 (6.29)

115 (77.18)

  11 ~ 59

0 (0.00)

17 (14.05)

0 (0.00)

13 (8.72)

  ≥ 60

0 (0.00)

5 (4.13)

0 (0.00)

14 (9.40)

 SSC duration (min)

113.372

 < 0.001

  

233.929

 < 0.001

  

167.786

 < 0.001

   < 10

  

2 (1.32)

44 (36.36)

  

8 (5.03)

61 (40.94)

  

  10 ~ 

2 (1.32)

25 (20.66)

26 (16.35)

76 (51.01)

  30 ~ 

4 (2.65)

50 (41.32)

25 (15.72)

10 (6.71)

  60 ~ 

16 (10.60)

1 (0.83)

5 (3.14)

2 (1.34)

   ≥ 90

127 (84.11)

1 (0.83)

95 (59.75)

0 (0.00)

s

 Successful first-time breastfeeding with provision of SSC

0.642§

0.423

148 (98.01)

103 (85.12)

15.664

 < 0.001

95 (59.75)

101 (67.79)

2.147

0.143

 Any breastfeeding

0.000§

1.000

143 (94.08)

119 (91.54)

0.686

0.407

152 (95.00)

144 (92.90)

0.611

0.435

 Initiation (min)

35.569

 < 0.001*

  

2.691

0.260

  

13.737

 < 0.001

   ≤ 60

  

134 (93.71)

106 (89.08)

  

112 (73.68)

124 (86.11)

  

  61 ~ 90

3 (2.10)

7 (5.88)

28 (18.42)

20 (13.89)

  > 90

6 (4.20)

6 (5.04)

12 (7.89)

0 (0.00)

 Duration (min)

125.772

 < 0.001

  

—

 < 0.001

  

6.432

0.092

   < 10

  

0 (0.00)

9 (7.56)

  

12 (7.89)

9 (6.25)

  

  10 ~ 

10 (6.99)

42 (35.29)

50 (32.89)

68 (47.22)

  20 ~ 

16 (11.19)

6 (5.04)

38 (25.00)

30 (20.83)

  30 ~ 

117 (81.82)

62 (52.10)

52 (34.21)

37 (25.69)

 Exclusive breastfeeding

24.250

 < 0.001

127 (88.81)

96 (80.67)

3.396

0.065

134 (88.16)

105 (72.92)

11.048

0.001

No applied medicine to the umbilical cord

93.283

 < 0.001

150 (98.68)

2 (1.54)

266.132

 < 0.001

159 (99.38)

0 (0.00)

311.025

 < 0.001

Routine eye care

107.880

 < 0.001

152 (100.00)

0 (0.00)

282.000

 < 0.001

121 (75.63)

2 (1.29)

182.784

 < 0.001

Intramuscular injection of vitamin K1

0.000§

1.000

152 (100.00)

130 (100.00)

—

—

151 (94.38)

80 (51.61)

73.619

 < 0.001

  1. *: Fisher exact probability
  2. #: Cochran-Mantel–Haenszel (CMH) with controlled variable of province
  3. §: Corrected chi-squared test