Table 3 Mixed-effects logistic regression analyses for factors related to the choice of receiving the assisted reproductive technology treatment (Models 1 and 2)

 Attributes of treatment

  Out-of-pocket payment

   Free

Reference

Reference

   200,000 JPY

0.154

0.133

―

0.178

0.153

0.132

―

0.177

   500,000 JPY

0.038

0.032

―

0.045

0.038

0.032

―

0.045

   800,000 JPY

0.011

0.009

―

0.013

0.011

0.009

―

0.013

  Pregnancy rate

   5%

Reference

Reference

   15%

3.194

2.793

―

3.651

3.193

2.792

―

3.652

   30%

7.676

6.656

―

8.854

7.657

6.637

―

8.834

  Risk of adverse effects

   None

Reference

Reference

   Possible

0.865

0.778

―

0.961

0.865

0.779

―

0.962

  The number of visits to outpatient clinic

   4 times per month

Reference

Reference

   8 times per month

0.898

0.785

―

1.027

0.896

0.783

―

1.026

   12 times per month

0.797

0.688

―

0.925

0.797

0.687

―

0.924

  Consultation hours

   Daytime of weekdays only

Reference

Reference

   Available at night and on weekends

1.343

1.209

―

1.492

1.347

1.212

―

1.497

  Kindness of staff

   Not kind

Reference

Reference

   Kind

4.622

4.120

―

5.185

4.603

4.102

―

5.164

 Socioeconomic status

  Age group

   25–29

Reference

   30–34

1.139

0.696

―

1.863

   35–39

0.655

0.395

―

1.084

   40–44

1.253

0.724

―

2.169

  University education

   No

Reference

   Yes

1.149

0.847

―

1.560

  Household income class

   Low; < 4 million JPY

Reference

   Lower-middle; 4–6 million JPY

1.237

0.797

―

1.921

   Middle; 6–8 million JPY

1.160

0.738

―

1.825

   Upper-middle; 8–10 million JPY

1.587

0.887

―

2.840

   High; ≥ 10 million JPY

2.425

1.298

―

4.532

  Having a child

   No

Reference

   Yes

1.244

0.915

―

1.691

  Paid work status

   None

Reference

    < 40 working hours per week

0.885

0.630

―

1.243

   ≥ 40 working hours per week

1.663

1.094

―

2.528

 Fertility status

  Treatment stage

   Receiving infertility tests with or without timed intercourse

Reference

   Ovulation induction or intrauterine insemination

1.451

1.004

―

2.098

   Assisted reproductive technology treatments

4.537

3.158

―

6.518

  Infertility diagnosis

   Female

Reference

   Male

1.440

0.802

―

2.586

   Male & female

1.009

0.615

―

1.654

   Unknown

0.825

0.582

―

1.170

   Under investigation

1.380

0.726

―

2.624