Antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of dental implant placement: a cost-effectiveness analysis

Table 1 Description of variables, values, sources and tested ranges

Variables	Description	Root Definition	Source	Costs adjusted for inflation	Low	High
cAE	cost Adverse effects of antibiotics	705	DRG, Health ministery of Italy [23] (2013)	708.6	10	1800
cAntibiotics	Costs of antibiotics	10.20	Assumed based on dispensing costs 2021, reported by AIFA [20].	10.20	5	100
cAntibioticResistance^a	Cost of antibiotic resistance	9.47	Michaelidis et al.; Shrestha et al. [24, 25]	13.97	2.9	32.16
cImplantPlacement	Cost of Implant Placement	1002	Statista.com [19] (2018)	1002	500	1500
cImplantReplacement	Cost of Implant Replacement	1102	Assumed based on Cost of Implant Placement	1102	0	1600
effImplant	Effectiveness Implant Placement	0.88	Korenori et al. [26] (2018)		0,5	0,9
effNoImplant	Effectiveness Lost implant	0.71	Korenori et al. [26] (2018)		0,3	0,8
pAE	probability Adverse effects antibiotics	0.000023	Thornhill et al. [18] (2015)		0,00001	0,05
pantsurv	Probability of survival with antibiotics	0.9878	Canullo et al. [6] (2020)		0,6	0,9878
pnoantsurv	Probability of survival without antibiotics	0.9567	Canullo et al. [6] (2020)		0,6	0,9567
preplac	Probability of implant replacement	0.85	Assumed		0,3	0,9
psurvsecond	Probability of survival after secondary placement	0.89	Troiano et al. [17] (2021)		0,6	0,89

^aThe cost of antibiotic resistance was considered only for societal perspective

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