Table 3 Adjusted associations between PCP and specialty visits and ACSC hospitalization among urban and rural dual eligibles age 65 and over, excluding nursing facility users
Variable | Urban | Rural |
|---|---|---|
N (person-years) | 6,438,381 | 1,354,892 |
PCP visits | −0.056*** (0.002) | − 0.002 (0.005) |
Outpatient specialist visits | −0.059*** (0.002) | − 0.089*** (0.006) |
Age | 0.066*** (0.001) | 0.067*** (0.003) |
Male | 0.011 (0.012) | 0.596*** (0.051) |
Race/Ethnicity | ||
 Black | 1.408*** (0.035) | −1.039*** (0.094) |
 Asian/Pacific Islander | −0.522*** (0.027) | −0.762*** (0.183) |
 AI/AN | 1.187*** (0.140) | 0.934*** (0.171) |
 Hispanic | 0.473*** (0.028) | −0.635*** (0.107) |
 Other | −0.815*** (0.075) | −0.708** (0.330) |
Chronic Conditions | ||
 1–3 conditions | 1.019*** (0.012) | 1.277*** (0.031) |
 4–6 conditions | 3.715*** (0.019) | 5.024*** (0.050) |
 7–9 conditions | 10.990*** (0.037) | 15.320*** (0.093) |
 10+ conditions | 26.010*** (0.083) | 34.320*** (0.198) |
Disability Status | ||
 With Disability | 0.930*** (0.026) | 0.227*** (0.055) |
Year | ||
 2014 | −0.281*** (0.026) | − 0.493*** (0.067) |
 2015 | −0.495*** (0.027) | −1.042*** (0.068) |
 2016 | −0.469*** (0.027) | −1.077*** (0.069) |
 2017 | −0.671*** (0.027) | −1.247*** (0.070) |
 2018 | −0.890*** (0.028) | −1.608*** (0.071) |
 Constant | −5.049*** (0.107) | −4.162*** (0.262) |