Table 3 Intervention Functions derived from the Behavior Change Wheel targeting elicited barriers to TB treatment initiation

Education

Healthcare workers are made aware about the proportion of patients not initiated on TB treatment at their health facilities and about the outcomes of these patients so that they can institute measures to improve TB treatment initiation.

Patients are educated about TB signs and symptoms as well as benefits of TB treatment to encourage care seeking and reduce stigma.

Persuasion

Healthcare workers are encouraged to give adequate patient education so that patients are persuaded to come back to retrieve their sputum test results.

Environmental Restructuring

Healthcare workers deliver sputum samples periodically throughout the day to avoid batched delivery at the end of each clinic day.

Improved TAT-including same-day diagnosis so that patients do not incur additional transport fares to retrieve sputum test results and initiate TB treatment.

Healthcare workers use improved GeneXpert forms to improve capturing of patient locators.

Clinic staff are provided with job aides to enable them to give uniform messages about sputum results retrieval.

Patients are given uniform messages about the TB diagnostic process and sputum results retrieval.

Enablement

Clinic and laboratory staff are provided with desk phones and phone credit to enable quick communication of sputum test results.

 Incentivization

Healthcare workers are given periodic feedback about how well the health facility is performing.

Patients are given cash incentives to encourage them to come back to the health facility to retrieve their sputum test results.

Restriction

Coercion