Table 3 Summary of results
Percentage | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Baseline (N = 112) | Endline (N = 360) | ||
Knowledge | |||
Women who could identify 3 or more danger signs of complications during pregnancy | 7.1% | 26.4% | 4.58 (2.26–10.61) |
Women who could identify 3 or more things a woman can do during pregnancy to improve her and her baby’s health | 30.4% | 37.5% | 1.37 (0.87–2.19) |
Qualitative themes: Knowing the why and not only the what; practical tips and information; mutual learning for women and health providers | |||
ANC experience of care: Percentage rating “excellent” or “very good” based on 5-point Likert scale | |||
Women who strongly agreed that they shared their feelings and experiences with other women | 58.9% | 71.7% | 1.73 (1.1–2.7) |
Knowledge and competence of health workers | 57.2% | 78.6% | 2.52 (1.57–4.02) |
Respect shown to respondent by ANC providers | 59.8% | 73.3% | 1.82 (1.16–2.85) |
Experienced disrespect and humiliation | 7.1% | 9.7% | 1.40 (0.66–3.33) |
Trust in ANC providers | 58.1% | 65.0% | 1.23 (0.78–1.91) |
Language ANC providers used toward respondent | 57.2% | 65.6% | 1.39 (0.88–2.16) |
Level of privacy and confidentiality observed during ANC | 55.3% | 62.0% | 1.29 (0.79–2.22) |
Intent to use same facility in a subsequent pregnancy | 88.8% | 93.2% | 1.87 (0.39–9.47) |
Very likely to recommend facility to other women | 75% | 90.8% | 2.82 (0.39–9.47) |
Overall quality of care | 56.3% | 68.3% | 1.62 (1.03–2.53) |
Qualitative themes: Sharing experiences to solve problems, giving each other strength and encouragement to cope, feeling that nurses create an open and safe space | |||
Empowerment and self-efficacy: Percentage who “strongly agree” based on a 5-point Likert scale | |||
You could ask your ANC provider about your pregnancy. | 67.0% | 63.1% | 0.86 (0.54–1.36) |
Since you began antenatal care, you have been making more decisions about your health. | 74.1% | 74.7% | 1.02 (0.61–1.66) |
You felt you had a right to ask questions when you don’t understand something about your pregnancy. | 83.0% | 76.4% | 0.67 (0.37–1.16) |
You were able to change things in your life that are not healthy for you or the baby. | 75.0% | 78.3% | 1.21 (0.73–1.99) |
You did what you could do to have a healthy baby. | 92.9% | 87.5% | 0.54 (0.23–1.12) |
You could talk to your partner about your pregnancy and planning for delivery. | 85.6% | 76.9% | 0.56 (0.21–1.23) |
Qualitative themes: Feelings of self-efficacy | |||
Adoption of healthy behaviors | |||
Number of ANC visits | 4.21 | 5.08 | 95% CI of difference: 0.47–1.42 visits |
Number of ANC visits among under 25 years of age | 4.23 | 5.11 | 95% CI of difference: 0.27–1.34 visits |
Birth preparations | |||
Women reporting that they made 2 or more of any of the listed preparations | 33.0% | 48.9% | 1.94 (1.24–3.05) |
Women reporting that they prepared items for the baby or delivery | 64.3% | 71.9% | 1.61 (0.94–2.72) |
Qualitative themes: Making a difference for the better | |||