Table 1 Definitions of effective coverage of services to measure hypertension
Author, year | Study Type/Data source | Study population | Definition of Effective Coverage | Quality Measure Reported | Effective vs Crude Coverage | |
Liu et al., 2008 [28] | Cross-sectional: 2004 China Adult Chronic Diseases Risk Factors Surveillance Survey | China, nationwide Adults age 18–69 | The percentage of hypertensive people who reported having taken control measures and whose blood pressure was normal during the survey period | Outcome quality: Normal blood pressure during the survey period | Crude coverage: 26.7% Effective coverage: 8.9% | |
Zhao et al., 2020 [34] | Longitudinal: Â 2011 and 2013 China Health and Retirement Survey | China, nationwide Adults over age 45 | The fraction of blood pressure reduction that is delivered to the population who take the anti-hypertensive medication | Outcome quality: Actual reduction in systolic blood pressure and/or diastolic blood pressure through taking antihypertensive medication from 2011 to 2013 | Crude coverage: 55.9% Effective coverage: 22.4% | |
Lozano et al., 2006 [27] | Sequential cross-sectional: National survey in 2005–2006 | Mexico, nationwide Adults over 20 years old | The ratio of actual reduction in systolic blood pressure to the difference between pretreatment systolic blood pressure and the target blood pressure for all individuals with hypertension (i.e., the proportion of the population reduction in blood pressure that can potentially be delivered through treatment that is actually delivered) | Outcome quality: Reduction in systolic blood pressure compared with treatment targets | Crude coverage: 49% Effective coverage: 23% | |
Arredondo et al., 2018 [37] | Sequential cross-sectional: Records of effective use of health services in 2005 and 2015 | Mexico, selected states | The proportion of patients that effectively received care after demanding services to the health system for the control of hypertension | Outcome quality: Controlled blood pressure | Crude coverage: 26% Effective coverage:23% | |
Leslie et al., 2019 [36] | Cross-sectional: 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey and national health information system | Mexico, nationwide | The proportion of individuals in need who experience potential health gains | Outcome quality: Blood pressure tests < 140/90 among patients with hypertension | Effective coverage: 40.8% | |
Outcome quality: Patients with hypertension without hypertension-related hospitalization in past year | ||||||
Charoendee et al., 2018 [29] | Cross-sectional: Administrative data from outpatient services collected in 2013 | Thailand, 76 provinces outside of Bangkok Population aged 15Â years and older | The percent of population that receives appropriate hypertension screening and/or treatment based on their needs | Normotension | Process quality: Received at least one blood pressure measurement | Crude coverage: 54.6% Effective coverage: 49.9% |
Pre-hypertension | Process quality: Received hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk assessment | |||||
Suspected hypertension | Process quality: Received repeat blood pressure measurement within 2Â months of initial screening | |||||
Process quality: Received cardiovascular disease risk assessment | ||||||
Newly diagnosed hypertension | Process quality: Received early treatment | |||||
Outcome quality: Blood pressure lower than initial level or under control with serum lipid level better than initial test | ||||||