Table 3 Effects of the NTUH-IMM model on the different types of medication error reports

Omission/medication discrepancy

Intercept

0.036 (0.014)

(0.008 to 0.064)

< 0.001

0.038 (0.010)

(0.019 to 0.058)

< 0.001

Time

0.000 (0.001)

(−0.001 to 0.002)

0.429

0.000 (0.000)

(−0.001 to 0.001)

0.828

Intervention

0.194 (0.031)

(0.134 to 0.254)

< 0.001

−0.036 (0.022)

(−0.079 to 0.007)

0.105

Time after intervention

0.005 (0.004)

(−0.002 to 0.012)

0.193

0.002 (0.003)

(−0.003 to 0.008)

0.360

No indication

Intercept

0.008 (0.002)

(0.004 to 0.011)

0.000

0.003 (0.002)

(−0.001 to 0.007)

0.186

Time

0.000 (0.000)

(0.000 to 0.000)

0.199

0.000 (0.000)

(0.000 to 0.000)

0.931

Intervention

0.004 (0.005)

(−0.006 to 0.014)

0.475

0.025 (0.005)

(0.015 to 0.035)

< 0.001

Time after intervention

0.001 (0.001)

(−0.001 to 0.002)

0.333

−0.002 (0.001)

(−0.003 to − 0.001)

0.001

Duplication

Intercept

0.017 (0.007)

(0.003 to 0.030)

0.018

0.022 (0.006)

(0.011 to 0.033)

< 0.001

Time

0.000 (0.000)

(0.000 to 0.001)

0.589

0.000 (0.000)

(−0.001 to 0.000)

0.221

Intervention

−0.005 (0.015)

(− 0.034 to 0.024)

0.739

0.015 (0.012)

(−0.009 to 0.039)

0.232

Time after intervention

0.003 (0.002)

(−0.001 to 0.006)

0.111

0.001 (0.001)

(−0.002 to 0.004)

0.659

Allergy or contraindication

Intercept

0.001 (0.002)

(−0.003 to 0.005)

0.624

0.005 (0.005)

(−0.004 to 0.014)

0.279

Time

0.000 (0.000)

(0.000 to 0.000)

0.025

0.000 (0.000)

(0.000 to 0.001)

0.185

Intervention

0.000 (0.006)

(−0.011 to 0.011)

1.000

−0.018 (0.01)

(−0.038 to 0.002)

0.082

Time after intervention

0.000 (0.001)

(−0.001 to 0.001)

0.920

0.002 (0.001)

(−0.001 to 0.004)

0.217

Drug- interaction

Intercept

0.007 (0.007)

(− 0.006 to 0.020)

0.304

0.016 (0.005)

(0.006 to 0.027)

0.004

Time

0.000 (0.000)

(0.000 to 0.001)

0.346

0.000 (0.000)

(0.000 to 0.000)

0.977

Intervention

0.015 (0.015)

(−0.014 to 0.043)

0.308

0.008 (0.012)

(−0.014 to 0.031)

0.475

Time after intervention

0.001 (0.002)

(−0.002 to 0.005)

0.432

−0.001 (0.001)

(−0.004 to 0.001)

0.310

Inappropriate choice of drug

Intercept

0.052 (0.016)

(0.020 to 0.083)

0.002

0.046 (0.015)

(0.016 to 0.075)

0.004

Time

0.000 (0.001)

(−0.002 to 0.001)

0.716

0.000 (0.001)

(−0.001 to 0.001)

0.761

Intervention

0.074 (0.035)

(0.006 to 0.143)

0.039

−0.01 (0.033)

(−0.074 to 0.055)

0.773

Time after intervention

0.020 (0.004)

(0.011 to 0.028)

< 0.001

0.000 (0.004)

(−0.008 to 0.008)

0.994

Inappropriate dose/frequency

Intercept

0.327 (0.030)

(0.268 to 0.386)

< 0.001

0.324 (0.036)

(0.254 to 0.394)

< 0.001

Time

−0.002 (0.001)

(− 0.004 to 0.001)

0.214

0.001 (0.002)

(−0.002 to 0.004)

0.579

Intervention

0.301 (0.065)

(0.173 to 0.429)

< 0.001

0.061 (0.077)

(−0.091 to 0.213)

0.433

Time after intervention

0.005 (0.008)

(−0.011 to 0.02)

0.544

−0.007 (0.009)

(−0.025 to 0.011)

0.453

Inappropriate route/formulation

Intercept

0.015 (0.004)

(0.007 to 0.023)

0.001

0.022 (0.006)

(0.010 to 0.033)

< 0.001

Time

0.000 (0.000)

(0.000 to 0.001)

0.287

0.000 (0.000)

(0.000 to 0.001)

0.487

Intervention

0.003 (0.011)

(−0.019 to 0.024)

0.810

0.043 (0.016)

(0.012 to 0.074)

0.010

Time after intervention

0.010 (0.001)

(0.007 to 0.013)

< 0.001

−0.005 (0.002)

(−0.009 to − 0.001)

0.017

Typing error

Intercept

0.139 (0.006)

(0.126 to 0.151)

< 0.001

0.108 (0.022)

(0.066 to 0.151)

< 0.001

Time

−0.001 (0.000)

(−0.002 to − 0.001)

< 0.001

0.001 (0.001)

(− 0.001 to 0.003)

0.240

Intervention

0.122 (0.022)

(0.079 to 0.166)

< 0.001

−0.012 (0.047)

(−0.104 to 0.080)

0.797

Time after intervention

−0.004 (0.003)

(−0.009 to 0.002)

0.233

0.004 (0.006)

(−0.007 to 0.015)

0.509

Inappropriate concentration/ rate of administration

Intercept

0.048 (0.010)

(0.028 to 0.067)

< 0.001

0.012 (0.010)

(−0.007 to 0.032)

0.224

Time

−0.001 (0.000)

(−0.001 to 0.000)

0.121

0.001 (0.000)

(0.000 to 0.002)

0.012

Intervention

0.112 (0.021)

(0.070 to 0.154)

< 0.001

−0.013 (0.022)

(−0.055 to 0.030)

0.567

Time after intervention

−0.007 (0.003)

(−0.012 to − 0.002)

0.008

− 0.003 (0.003)

(− 0.008 to 0.002)

0.247

Not-in-benefit package

Intercept

0.073 (0.014)

(0.046 to 0.101)

< 0.001

0.074 (0.015)

(0.044 to 0.104)

< 0.001

Time

0.001 (0.001)

(0.000 to 0.002)

0.037

0.001 (0.001)

(−0.001 to 0.002)

0.375

Intervention

0.236 (0.038)

(0.161 to 0.311)

< 0.001

−0.028 (0.038)

(−0.103 to 0.047)

0.472

Time after intervention

0.001 (0.005)

(−0.009 to 0.010)

0.902

0.002 (0.005)

(−0.007 to 0.011)

0.651

Monitor error

Intercept

0.071 (0.022)

(0.028 to 0.113)

0.002

0.059 (0.017)

(0.025 to 0.093)

0.001

Time

0.002 (0.001)

(0.000 to 0.004)

0.028

0.001 (0.001)

(−0.001 to 0.002)

0.325

Intervention

0.018 (0.057)

(−0.094 to 0.130)

0.752

0.031 (0.037)

(−0.041 to 0.104)

0.403

Time after intervention

−0.006 (0.007)

(−0.020 to 0.008)

0.410

−0.005 (0.004)

(−0.014 to 0.004)

0.290

Others

Intercept

0.008 (0.008)

(−0.008 to 0.025)

0.340

0.014 (0.006)

(0.001 to 0.026)

0.038

Time

0.000 (0.000)

(0.000 to 0.001)

0.239

0.000 (0.000)

(0.000 to 0.001)

0.587

Intervention

0.013 (0.013)

(−0.012 to 0.038)

0.315

−0.015 (0.014)

(−0.042 to 0.013)

0.306

Time after intervention

0.006 (0.002)

(0.002 to 0.009)

0.001

0.000 (0.002)

(−0.003 to 0.004)

0.891