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Table 4 Multilevel logistic regression results on the association between child marriage and skilled birth attendance during delivery among childbearing young women in sub-Saharan Africa

From: Girl child marriage and its association with maternal healthcare services utilization in sub-Saharan Africa

Variables

Model 0

Model I

Model II

Model III

Model IV

 

cOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

aOR (95% CI)

Age at first marriage

 18-24 years

 

1

1

1

1

  < 18 years

 

0.45*** (0.43-0.48)

0.83*** (0.78-0.89)

0.55*** (0.52-0.59)

0.87*** (0.82-0.93)

Education

 No education

  

1

 

1

 Primary

  

1.55*** (1.45-1.67)

 

1.42*** (1.32-1.53)

 Secondary/higher

  

2.41*** (2.21-2.64)

 

1.73*** (1.57-1.90)

Marital status

 Married

  

1

 

1

 Cohabiting

  

1.18*** (1.10-1.27)

 

1.18*** (1.09-1.27)

Parity

 One birth

  

1

 

1

 Two births

  

0.65*** (0.61-0.70)

 

0.70*** (0.66-0.75)

 Three births

  

0.51*** (0.47-0.55)

 

0.57*** (0.53-0.62)

 Four or more births

  

0.39*** (0.36-0.43)

 

0.45*** (0.41-0.50)

Religion

 Christianity

  

1

 

1

 Islam

  

0.64*** (0.60-0.69)

 

0.57*** (0.54-0.62)

 Others

  

0.57*** (0.51-0.64)

 

0.62*** (0.55-0.70)

Partner’s education

 No education

  

0.55*** (0.51-0.60)

 

0.68*** (0.63-0.74)

 Primary

  

0.82*** (0.76-0.88)

 

0.94 (0.82-0.92)

 Secondary/higher

  

1

 

1

Mass media

 No

  

0.69*** (0.65-0.73)

 

0.87*** (0.82-0.92)

 Yes

  

1

 

1

Wealth index

 Poorest

   

0.75***(0.70-0.80)

0.80*** (0.74-0.86)

 Poorer

   

1

1

 Middle

   

1.15*** (1.06-1.24)

1.15*** (1.06-1.25)

 Richer

   

1.31*** (1.20-1.44)

1.29*** (1.17-1.43)

 Richest

   

2.22*** (1.91-2.57)

2.06*** (1.77-2.41)

Sex of head of household

 Male

   

1

1

 Female

   

1.04 (0.96-1.12)

0.93 (0.86-1.00)

Decision making capacity

 Respondents alone

   

1.24*** (1.15-1.35)

0.94 (0.87-1.03)

 Others

   

1

1

Community level literacy

 Low

   

1

1

 Medium

   

1.71*** (1.60-1.81)

1.25*** (1.18-1.34)

 High

   

2.10*** (1.93-2.29)

1.29*** (1.17-1.41)

Community socioeconomic level

 Low

   

1

1

 Medium

   

2.00*** (1.81-2.16)

1.77*** (1.62-1.94)

 High

   

1.41*** (1.28-1.56)

1.45*** (1.31-1.61)

Residence

 Urban

   

1.47*** (1.35-1.60)

1.42*** (1.29-1.55)

 Rural

   

1

1

Random effect result

 PSU variance (95% CI)

0.17 (0.13-0.21)

0.16 (0.13-0.20)

0.20 (0.15-0.25)

0.15 (0.12-0.19)

0.20 (0.16-0.26)

 ICC

0.048

0.047

0.056

0.047

0.058

 LR Test

χ2 = 268.32, p < 0.001

χ2 = 250.34, p < 0.001

χ2 = 233.35, p < 0.001

χ2 = 200.52, p < 0.001

χ2 = 215.73, p < 0.001

 Wald chi-square

References

804.89***

3521.97***

2794.95***

4093.07***

Model fitness

 Log-likelihood

−18,675.777

−18,248.926

−16,577.117

−16,951.101

−15,996.216

 AIC

37,355.55

36,503.85

33,182.23

33,930.2

32,042.43

N

36,215

36,215

36,215

36,215

36,215

Number of clusters

1454

1454

1454

1454

1454

  1. Exponentiated coefficients; 95% confidence intervals in brackets; aOR adjusted Odds Ratios; cOR crude Odds Ratio CI Confidence Interval;1 = reference category
  2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001
  3. PSU Primary Sampling Unit, ICC Intra-Class Correlation, LR Test Likelihood ratio Test, AIC Akaike’s Information Criterion
  4. Model 0 is the null model, a baseline model without any determinant variable
  5. Model I contains only the key explanatory variable
  6. Model II is adjusted for individual-level variables
  7. Model III adjusted for community-level variables
  8. Model IV is the final model adjusted for individual - and community-level variables