How does the onset of physical disability or dementia in older adults affect economic wellbeing and co-payments for health care? the impact of gender

Table 4 Generalized linear model of total out of pocket costs from Year one to Year three

	Cost ratio^a (95% CI)	Point estimate	SE	p-value
Intercept	-	5.9115	0.1620	< .0001
No physical disability or dementia	REFERENCE
Physical disability	1.2517 (1.0481—1.4948)	0.4029	0.2057	0.0132
Dementia	1.0872 (0.8312—1.4221)	0.0836	0.1370	0.5415
Male	REFERENCE
Female	1.1309 (1.0926—1.1706)	0.1230	0.0176	< .0001
Age at baseline	1.0093 (1.0051—1.0137)	0.0093	0.0022	< .0001
Education, < Year 9	0.8818 (0.8374—0.9286)	-0.1258	0.0264	< .0001
Education, Year 9—11	0.9083 (0.8731—0.9449)	-0.0962	0.0201	< .0001
Education, Year 12	0.9340 (0.8828—0.9882)	-0.0683	0.0288	0.0177
Education, Higher education	REFERENCE
Income, < AU$20,000	0.9363 (0.8910—0.9839)	-0.0658	0.0253	0.0094
Income, AU$20,000—AU$49,999	REFERENCE
Income, AU$50,000—AU$99,999	1.4409 (1.3773—1.5077)	0.3653	0.0231	< .0001
Income, > AU$100,000	2.2430 (2.0680—2.4327)	0.8078	0.0414	< .0001
Income, Declined to answer	1.3114 (1.2358—1.3918)	0.2711	0.0303	< .0001
Live, At home alone	1.1670 (1.1231 -1.2124)	0.1544	0.0195	< .0001
Live, At home with family, friends, or spouse	REFERENCE
Live, In care	1.3040 (0.9276—1.8329)	0.2654	0.1738	0.1267

ISSN: 1472-6963